Рефераты по иностранным языкам

The Unified State Exam

10 Марта 2013, сочинение

The Unified State Exam is the final exam at school, which students take in the end of school. This exam is obligatory for all students in Russia. Also the USE is an entrance exam to university. Since 2009 it is the only form of the final examination.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain (The History of the Royal Dynasty)

19 Декабря 2011, курсовая работа

Nearly all European states were monarchic in the past, and the monarchical institutions have survived where they have not been overthrown by revolutions.
The roles of the British monarch can be categorized as symbolic, social and political. The political role of the monarch has changed dramatically since the beginning of the nineteenth century, though without any legislative measures or other overt action to which a date can be given.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain аnd Northern Ireland

09 Октября 2011, реферат

The United Kingdom of Great Britain аnd Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.

The University of Lausanne

16 Октября 2011, доклад

Founded in 1537, the University of Lausanne is composed of seven faculties where approximately 11,500 students and 2,300 researchers work and study. Emphasis is placed on an interdisciplinary approach, with close cooperation between students, professors and teaching staff.

The US Educational System

13 Декабря 2011, реферат

There are 15,000 school districts which are different in size. A school district is governed by the Board of Education/School Board/School Council which is elected every two years by the residents of the school district. Members of school boards perform their responsibilities on a volunteer basis, that means they do not get any salaries. They are to define the policies for the administration of the school district.

The use of company or product name(s) is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

11 Декабря 2012, аттестационная работа

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identifies the most serious hazardous waste sites in the nation. These sites are then placed on the National Priorities List (NPL) and are targeted for long-term federal clean-up activities. Chlorine dioxide and chlorite have not been found in any of the 1,647 current or former NPL sites. Although the total number of NPL sites evaluated for these substances is not known, the possibility exists that chlorine dioxide and chlorite may be found in the future as more sites are evaluated. This information is important because these sites may be sources of exposure and exposure to these substances may harm you.

The use of the article with the proper nouns

14 Марта 2011, курсовая работа

In English there a lot of rules to use the article with proper nouns. It is used essentially to understand some information clearly , in general, it is meant to enrich and clarify ideas and lead the interlocutors to communicate eloquently.

The V. Vinogradov Linguistic School

04 Мая 2012, реферат

Vinogradov V.V (1895-1969) was a linguist and a literati at the same time, the founder of two linguistic sciences – the history of the Russian literary language and the science of Literature. [5].He is the author of more than 300 works on grammar, lexicology, lexicography, the history of language, stylistic.

The Winepress

16 Октября 2011, реферат

"You don't have to be(10) French to enjoy(1) a decent red wine," Charles Jousselin de Gruse used to tell his foreign guests whenever he entertained them in Paris. "But(16) you do have to be(10) French to recognize one(13)," he would(12) add with a laugh.

Theme: developing reading skills in ELT

19 Апреля 2012, курсовая работа

The topicability of course paper is of great importance because reading is one of the most important skills in learning English. The more you read, the better developed your cognitive abilities are. Reading improves your gasping skills and sharpens your analyzing and problem-solving abilities. Reading gives you knowledge, making you more confident.

Theoretical grammar of the English language

20 Ноября 2011, курс лекций

Contents of the course:
1. Grammar in the system of language
2. Grammatical classes of words
3. Noun. General. The categories of gender and number.
4. Noun. The possessive case. The article.
5. The adjective. The adverb.
6. Verb. general.
7. Verb. he category of tense.
8. Verb. the category of aspect.
9. verb. The category of voice.
10. Non-finite forms of the verb.
11. Sentence. General.

Theory of english grammar

05 Марта 2013, доклад

Main units of Grammar are a word and a sentence. A word may be divided into morphemes, a sentence may be divided into phrases (word-groups). A morpheme, a word, a phrase and a sentence are units of different levels of language structure. A unit of a higher level consists of one or more units of a lower level.

Theory of translation

12 Декабря 2011, реферат

Translation is a means of interlingual communication. The translator makes possible an exchange of information between the users of different languages by producing in the target language (TL or the translating language) a text which has an identical communicative value with the source (or original) text (ST)

There exists a centralized national system of education in Australia

09 Декабря 2012, доклад

The top of this system is the Federal Ministry of Education. But there are still many differences in the structure and the curricula of schools in different states. There exist two types of schools in the country: state schools and private schools. Tuition in state schools is free of charge. Private schools charge rather high fees. 80 % of Australian children go to state schools, and only 20 % attend fee paying schools.
School education is obligatory for all children from 6 to 15 years. At present the school education scheme is “6+4+2” or “7+3+2”. Most children begin primary schools at the age of about five. Primary schools include from 1 to 6 or 7 grades. After the primary school children pass to the secondary school without examinations. Junior high schools comprise 4 or 3-year courses. After these courses students complete two year senior high school.

Three men in a boat -written by K.Jerom.

27 Ноября 2011, контрольная работа

I’am going to analyze the text “Three men in the boat”. The author of this text is Jerome K. Jerome. He is a popular English writer. The most famous works are Three Men in a Boat, The Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow, Novel Notes. He is famous for his art of story-telling and his humour which is based on misunderstanding. He is good at revealing the weak sides of human nature.
This text is about three men who decided to cook an Irish stew. Jerome presents his story as 1st-person narration with elements of the description. In this story we can dearly distinguish three main characters: the narrator, Harris and George. The general slant of the story is realistic, the emotive key is prosaic, with some shades of humor.

Three uninvited guests

30 Октября 2011, реферат

On the day after Mike Hanlon made his calls, Henry Bowers began to hear voices. Voices had been talking to him all day long. For awhile, Henry thought they were coming from the moon. In the late afternoon, looking up from where he was hoeing in the garden, he could see the moon in the blue daytime sky, pale and small. A ghost-moon.

Time and gratitude

12 Октября 2011, сочинение

My thinking about time and gratitude interested in an improved ability to be aware of the present. I find it difficult to respond to the admonition “Be present.” I found it relatively easy to increase my awareness of things around me that I’m grateful for—and the end result is that I am more present.

To be в английском языке

19 Декабря 2010, реферат

Для достижения этой цели нужно приобрести определенный запас слов и изучить грамматический строй языка. Существуют, естественно, различия между грамматическими явлениями в английском и русском языках. Иногда, владеющие русским языком, стремятся переносить в иностранную речь конструкции, свойственные русскому языку. Взявшись за изучение темы «Глагол to be в английском языке», я попыталась выйти за рамки школьной программы, глубже изучить данную тему, так как такая часть речи как глагол to be особенно важна для точного перевода.

Tourism product

05 Ноября 2011, реферат

Many do not know what a tourist product is. Sadly, some in the tourist industry hardly know what tourist product is all about. Tourist product is intangible. When a tourist, guided by his motivations and the image of the tourist destination, decides on a trip somewhere outside his usual place of residence or work, he is buying a tourist product - a promise that will soon become a memory once he returns home.

Traditional Scottish Cuisine

09 Марта 2013, доклад

The signature dish of Scotland is undoubtedly Haggis, and impressive though it is, Scotland's kitchens have a whole lot more to offer. Traditional Scottish cuisine is based on local produce - oats for porridge and oatcake biscuits (bannocks), salted, or smoked meat and game. Fish is a staple and the city of Aberdeen has been known for its cured fish since the 13th Century.
Today Scotland's chefs take the best of their culinary heritage, re-interpreting their grandmothers' recipes to produce delectable variations on the old standards. Recipes highlight Scottish ingredients at their very best. Scotland is famous for Aberdeen Angus Beef, succulent Lamb, and delicate summer fruits such as raspberries, strawberries, and blackberries. An increasing number of specialist farms in the Highlands produce Venison, and cheese making is a rediscovered art.

Traditions customs and habits of great Вritain

19 Февраля 2013, курсовая работа

I choose this topic because it’s very interesting and urgent for me now. This subject is closely connected with my feature profession. People of different countries have their own traditions. And I think, it is very important to know customs and traditions of that country, which you are going to visit. The national traditions absorb, accumulate and reflect the historic experience of the part generations.
The aim of my work is to describe in details customs and habits of English. And I should say, that English life is full of traditions. Some of them are very beautiful, colorful and picturesque, and seem to be quite reasonable; others are curious, sometimes funny, and they often are maintained simply as a tourist attraction.

Traditions of Great Britain

17 Ноября 2011, реферат

Every nation and every country has its own traditions and customs. Traditions make a nation special. Some of them are old-fashioned and many people remember them, others are part of people’s life. Some British customs and traditions are known all over the world.

From Scotland to Cornwall, Britain is full of customs and traditions. A lot of them have very long histories. Some are funny and some are strange. But they are all interesting. There is the long menu of traditional British food. There are many royal occasions. There are songs, saying and superstitions. They are all part of the British way of life.

Translate into Russian

03 Января 2012, контрольная работа

We asked for an appointment with you as we are dissatisfied with the way your
goods are sent.

Translation as a special kind of speech communication

25 Февраля 2011, реферат

When you stop and think about it, everything in life is translation. We translate our feelings into actions. When we put anything into words, we translate our thoughts. Every physical action is a translation from one state to another. Translating from one language into another is only the most obvious form of an activity which is perhaps the most common of all human activities. This maybe the reason people usually take translation for granted, as something that does not require any special effort, and at the same time, why translation is so challenging and full of possibilities.

Translation of definite and indefinite articles

03 Марта 2013, реферат

В XX в. артикль по-прежнему далеко не всеми лингвистами признается самостоятельной частью речи. Дж. Керм, например, не включает артикль в число перечисляемых им частей речи, а рассматривает употребление артиклей только в связи с классификацией существительных. В частности, он констатирует значимость употребления определенного артикля при именах собственных в форме множественного числа.

Tuberculosis

07 Декабря 2012, реферат

The main source of tuberculosis infection is a sick child at age 10 and older. Sometimes become a source of sick animals or birds. The mechanism of transmission of tuberculosis and the most common route of infection - aerogenic (in air). While breathing in the human respiratory tract mucus droplets fall and dust containing mycobacteria.
There are other possible modes of transmission, namely:
- nutritional (of food, mainly milk and meat of sick animals)

Türkmenistanyň ykdysadyýetini diwersifikasiýalaşdyrmak işiniň döwlet tarapyndan düzgünleşdirilmegi

04 Апреля 2011, реферат

Garaşsyz, baky Bitarap Türkmenistan hormatly Prezidentimiziň alyp barýan parasatly içeri we daşary syýasaty netijesinde özüniň ykdysady-durmuş ösüşleri, halkara ähmiýetli döwrebap taslamalary bilen dünýä arenasynda möhüm orny eýeleýär. Diýarymyz bu gün parahatçylygyň, asudalygyň we ösüşleriň mekany hökmünde dünýäde giňden tanalmak bilen, baý ýerasty we ýerüsti resurslary, amatly geografiki ýerleşişi, dowam edýän durnukly ykdysady, jemgyýetçilik-syýasy ýagdaýy bilen geljegi örän uly ýurt hökmünde, dürli ugurlar boýunça, hususan-da, ykdysadyýet babatda ygtybarly hyzmatdaş hökmünde barha özüne çekiji döwlete öwrülýär.

Types of Elasticity of Demand

14 Марта 2012, реферат

In more technical terms, it is the ratio of the percentage change in one variable to the percentage change in another variable. It is a tool for measuring the responsiveness of a function to changes in parameters in a unitless way. Frequently used elasticities include price elasticity of demand, price elasticity of supply, income elasticity of demand, elasticity of substitution between factors of production and elasticity of intertemporal substitution.

Types of houses in England

05 Мая 2012, доклад

The most common types of houses in England are as follows:
Bungalow
Cottage
Flat
Detached
Semi-detached
End of terrace

Types of phrases in English and Ukrainian languages

16 Февраля 2012, реферат

The lexical meaning of the word groups is the combined lexical meaning of the component words. The meaning of the word groups is motivated by the meanings of the component members and is supported by the structural pattern. But it’s not a mere sum total of all these meanings! Polysemantic words are used in word groups only in 1 of their meanings. These meanings of the component words in such word groups are mutually interdependent and inseparable (blind man – «a human being unable to see», blind type – «the copy isn’t readable).