1. I consider myself lucky (to be) to  that famous exhibition and (to see) so many wonderful paintings. 2.He seems (to know) French very well: he is said (to spend) his youth in Paris. 3.You seem (to look) for trouble. 4.I heard the door of the entrance hall (to open) and (to close) softly. 5.The article is likely (to appear) in the next issue of the journal. 6.He is sure (to tell) me all about this even I don’t ask him. 7.It seemed (to snow) heavily since early morning: the ground was covered with a deep layer of snow. 8.He began writing books not because he wanted (to earn) a living. He wanted (to read) and not (to forget). 9.Irving turned out (to be) a long, pale-faced fellow. 10.I felt Nick (to put) his hand on my shoulder. 11.Soon we found that there was another complicated problem (to consider). 12.Here are some articles (to translate) for tomorrow. 13.Jane remembered (to tell) a lot about Mr. Rochester. 14.I am very sorry (to add) some more trouble by what I have told you. 15.(To play) chess was his greatest pleasure. 16.Isn’t it natural that we like (to scold)? 17.I am sorry (to spoil) your mood. 18.I remembered (to move – растрогаться) by the scene I witnessed. 19.She was sorry (to miss) the beginning of the concert. 20.I should like him (to say) it to my face.     

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

УСЛОВНЫЕ  ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ

 
 

• В условных предложениях второго типа was всегда меняется на were.

Условные  предложения. Сослагательное наклонение после “I wish”

 

    Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения.

1. I’ll ask Tom if I see him today. 2. We would go to the party if we had time tomorrow. 3. She would pass her exam next month if she worked harder. 4. She wouldn’t be happy if she met him at the party next Sunday. 5. We’ll go nowhere tomorrow if it rains. 6. If she knew his phone number, she would call him next week.

 

    Упражнение 2.Поместите глаголы в следующие предложения в правильной форме.

1. The trains all (stop) … if it snowed heavily. 2. If you (go out) …  in cold weather without a coat, you would catch a cold. 3. If I saw a cheap second- hand car, I (buy) … it. 4. If you ate well and exercised regularly, you (live) … 100 years. 5. You would have had stomach ache if you (eat) … too much of that cake. 6. If it (rain) … this afternoon, I (take)… my umbrella. 7. If you did not drive carefully, you (have) … an accident. 8. If you (study) … for a higher qualification, you (get) … a better job next year. 9. If you sent the letter by first class mail, it (get) … there the following day. 10. If the weather is fine, we (go) for a picnic.

 

    Упражнение 3. Завершите следующие предложения.

1. I’ll ask him to lend me the money (если я вижу его) … . 2. You’ll be late (если не поедете на автобусе) … . 3. Will you help me (если мне нужна будет ваша помощь) … ? 4. I’d lend you the money (если бы у меня были деньги) … . 5. If I had her address (я бы дал вам его) … .

 

    Упражнение 4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме.

1. If I (to have) this rare book, I should gladly lend it to you. 2. The dish would have been much more tasty if she (to be) a better cook. 3. He never (to phone) you if I hadn’t reminded him to do that. 4. Your brother (to become) much stronger if he took cold baths regularly. 5. If he (to be) more courageous, he would not be afraid. 6. If the fisherman had been less patient, he (not to catch) so much fish. 7. If you (to put) the ice cream into the refrigerator, it would not have melted. 8. If I (to know) the result now, I would phone her immediately. 9. If you had let me know yesterday, I (to bring) you my book. 10. If it (to snow), the children will play snowballs.

 

    Упражнение 5. Образуйте условные предложения.

Ex.g.: “The weather is not fine and we won’t go for a walk. – If the weather is fine, we will go for a walk”.

1. He is busy and does not come. If… 2. The girl did not study well last year and received bad marks. If… 3. He broke his bicycle and so he did not go to the country. If… 4.He speaks English badly: he has no practice. If… 5. I had a bad headache yesterday, that’s why I did not come to see you. If… 6. The ship was sailing near the coast, that’s why it struck a rock. If… 7. He was not in town, therefore he was not present at our meeting. If… 8. The pavement was so slippery that I fell and hurt my leg. If… 9. The sea is rough, and we cannot sail to the island. If … 10. They made a fire, and the frightened wolves ran away. If …  

 

    Упражнение 6. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму сослагательного наклонения после “I wish”.

1. The unfortunate pupil wished he (not to forget) to learn the rule. 2. I wish I (to have) a season ticket to the Philharmonic next winter. 3. I wish I (to consult) the teacher when I first felt that mathematics was too difficult for me. 4. I love sunny weather. I wish it (to be) warm and fine all the year round. 5. I wish I (not to lend) Nick my watch: he has broken it. 6. I wish you (to send) word as soon as you arrive. 7. I wish I (not to have) to do my homework every day. 8. I wish you (to go) skiing with me yesterday: I had such a good time! 9. I wish I (to know) Spanish. 10. I wish I (not to drink) so much coffee in the evening: I could not sleep half the night.

 

    Упражнение 7. Образуйте условные предложения (не забудьте о смешанных случаях!).

Ex.g.: “  Не will do it anyway, because he need it. – If he need it, he will do it anyway.”

1. I shall go to the dentist because I have a toothache. If … 2. He is groaning with pain now because he did not go to the dentist to have his tooth filled. If … 3. She does not go to the polyclinic because she does not need any treatment. If … 4. He will not go to see the play as he was present at the dress rehearsal. If … 5. He went to Moscow specially to hear this famous singer because he is found of him. If … 6. We did not go to the cafeteria to have a glass of lemonade because we were not thirsty. If … 7. She could not mend her dress herself because she had no needle. If … 8. He is not a first-class sportsman now because he did not train enough last years. If … 9. The pupils were active because they wanted to understand this difficult material. If … 10. The pupils did not understand the homework because they were inattentive. If …

 

    Упражнение 8. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Если  бы он не был так близорук (short-sighted), он бы узнал меня вчера  в театре. 2. Она здорова. Если  бы она была больна, ее брат  сказал бы мне об этом вчера. 3. Вы бы много знали, если  бы регулярно читали этот журнал. 4. Если бы я узнала об этом раньше, то не сидела бы сейчас дома. 5. Если бы мои родители были богаты, они бы уже давно купили мне машину. 6. Она очень талантлива. Хорошо бы родители купили ей пианино. Если она начнет играть сейчас, она будет выдающимся (distinguished) музыкантом. 7. Если бы я знал французский, я бы уже давно поговорил с ней. 8. Если бы я знал немецкий язык, я бы читал Гете в оригинале (in the original). 9. Если бы я жил близко, я бы чаще (more often) заходил к вам. 10. Если бы вы не прервали (to interrupt) нас вчера, мы бы закончили работу в срок.

 

    Упражнение 9. Допишите следующие предложения.

1. You would know English better if … 2. I should have left Moscow yesterday if … 3. If I were you, … 4. If  I had known that it was going to rain, … 5. I shall go for a walk, if … 6. I should lend you my textbook if … 7. If we had bought the tickets, … 8. If they were here, … 9. We should be glad if … 10. If he were younger, …

 

    Упражнение 10. Опустите союз в следующих условных предложениях, сделав соответствующие изменения в предложении.

    Ex.g.: «If  we had gone there later, we would have seen them. – Had we gone there later, we would have seen them». 

1. If I had time, I should study French. 2. If you should find them, kindly let me know. 3. If they had called at the office yesterday, they would have found me there. 4. If I had seen him yesterday, I should have told him about it. 5. If he were here I should speak to him. 6. If he were in town, he would help us. 7. If he should come, tell him to wait. 8. If I had enough money, I would travel. 9. If I were you, I should go there immediately. 10. If I were in his place, I should refuse.

  

           GERUND  (ГЕРУНДИЙ)

        Формы герундия

 

Значение  герундия

 

Функции герундия в предложении

 

Запомните следующие глаголы  и выражения, требующие  после себя герундия: