Автор: Пользователь скрыл имя, 06 Февраля 2011 в 12:12, лекция
Типичные для Present Continuous обстоятельства времени: now-сейчас, теперь; at this moment-в настоящий момент; at the present time – в настоящее время; at present – сейчас, still- все еще.
They are writing a test at this moment.- В данный момент они пишут тест.
I am speaking Hungarian now.- Сейчас я говорю на венгерском языке.
We are not working at the present time, because we have a break.- Мы не работаем в настоящее время потому, что у нас перерыв.
Грамматика II семестр
ВРЕМЕНА ГРУППЫ CONTINUOUS ACTIVE
TO BE+Ving
Present
Continuous Tense (Present Progressive Tense)
(действие в процессе, совершается в тот момент, когда о нем говорят). am / is / are + Ving | |
+
He is working in the garden now. - Он сейчас работает
в саду.
? Is he working in the garden now? – Он сейчас работает в саду? - He is not working in the office now. – Он сейчас не работает в саду. |
Типичные для Present Continuous обстоятельства времени: now-сейчас, теперь; at this moment-в настоящий момент; at the present time – в настоящее время; at present – сейчас, still- все еще.
They are writing a test at this moment.- В данный момент они пишут тест.
I am speaking Hungarian now.- Сейчас я говорю на венгерском языке.
We are not working at the present time, because we have a break.- Мы не работаем в настоящее время потому, что у нас перерыв.
Listen! Somebody is singing.- Слушайте!
Кто-то поет.
Глаголы, не употребляющиеся в Continuous Tenses:
to appear, to seem– казаться
to believe – верить
to contain – содержать
to consist – состоять
to desire, to wish– желать
to feel – чувствовать
to forget – забывать
to hate – ненавидеть
to hear – слышать
to know – знать
to like – нравиться
to love – любить
to notice – замечать
to posses – обладать
to recognize – узнавать
to remember – помнить
to see – видеть
to understand – понимать
to want – хотеть
Глагол to be употребляется в форме Continuous только для образования Present и Past Continuous Passive.
Глагол
to have употребляется в форме Continuous только
в словосочетаниях типа: “to have breakfast”,
“to have a lesson”, “to have a smoke”. В своем прямом
значении «иметь» глагол to have надо употребить
в Present Simple.
Упражнение 1.Откройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous.
(NOW)
1. Timothy (to feed) his dog. 2. Mr. Jones (to clean) his yard. 3. Nancy
(to paint) her kitchen. 4. Our neighbours (to wash) their car. 5. I
(to wash) my hair. 6. Who (to fix) your sink? 7. What she (to do) now?
– She (to dance). 8.I(to listen) to the radio. 9.She (not to type)
her tests. 10.Why you (to shout)?
Past
Continuous Tense (Past Progressive Tense)
(действие
в процессе, совершалось в определенный
момент или протекало в was / were + Ving |
+
They were working at the office the whole evening yesterday.-Они
работали в офисе вчера целый вечер.
? Were they working at the office the whole evening yesterday?-Они работали в офисе вчера весь вечер? -They were not working at the office the whole evening yesterday.-Они не работали вчера в офисе весь вечер |
Сравните употребление Present Continuous (действие протекает в момент речи) и Past Continuous (действие протекает в определенный момент в прошлом) |
Упражнение 2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present или Past Continuous.
1.I (to write)
an English exercise at this time yesterday. 2. My little sister (to
sleep) at this time yesterday. 3. My friends (not to do) their homework
at seven o’clock yesterday. They (to play) volleyball. 4. She (to
read) the whole evening yesterday. 5. You (to drink) tea at this time
yesterday? – No, I (not to drink) tea at this time yesterday. 6. My
sister is fond of reading. She (to read) the whole evening yesterday,
and now she (to read) again.7. I (to sleep) when she came home 8. She
(not to read) now. 9. When I went into the garden, the sun (to shine)
and the birds (to sing) in the trees. 10. What your father (to do) from
eight till nine yesterday.
Сравните употребление Past Simple и Past Continuous |
Обратите
внимание на обстоятельства времени, характерные
для Past Continuous:
At… o’clock yesterday When mother came home From 5 till 6 yesterday The whole evening |
Обратите
также внимание на следующие два
предложения:
We played chess in the evening. (вечером) – Past Simple We were playing chess the whole evening (весь вечер) – Past Continuous. |
Упражнение 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Continuous.
1.I (to go)
to the cinema at four o’clock yesterday. 2. I (to go) to the cinema
when you met me. 3. I (to do) my homework the whole evening yesterday.
4. I (to do) my homework when mother came home. 5. I (to do) my homework
from five till eight yesterday. 6. I (not to play) the piano at four
o’clock yesterday. I (to read) a book. 7. When I (to draw) yesterday,
I (to break) two pencils. 8. We (to listen) to an interesting lecture
yesterday. 9. They (to get ) ready to go out when it (to begin) raining.
10. What you (to do) yesterday?-I (to translate) a very long article.
Обратите
внимание на следующие предложения:
Came – однократное действие (пришла) Past Simple Was reading – действие в процессе (читал) Past Continuous
Was reading – действие в процессе (читал) Past ContinuousCame – однократное действие (пришел) Past Simple |
1. When I (to
come) home, my little sister (to sleep). 2. When Nick (to come) home,
his brother (to play) with his toys. 3. When mother (to come) home,
I (to do) my homework. 4. When father (to come) home, Pete (to sleep).
5. When mother (to come) home, the children (to play) on the carpet.
6. When I (to get) up, my mother and father (to drink) tea. 7. When
I (to open) the door, the cat (to sit) on the table. 8. While I (to
wash) the floor, I (to find) my gold earring. 9. He (to turn off) the
electricity when I (to listen to) the radio. 10. She (to look) out of
the window when I (to see) her.
Обратите
внимание на следующие предложения:
Father was reading at 7 o’clock yesterday. Действие в процессе – Past Continuous Father came home at 7 o’clock yesterday. Однократное действие – Past simple |
1.Father (to
watch) TV at ten o’clock yesterday. 2.I (to go) to bed at nine o’clock
yesterday. 3.I (to finish) my homework at nine o’clock yesterday.
4.I (to play) the piano at five o’clock yesterday. 5.He (to begin)
to do his homework at four o’clock yesterday. 6.She (to wash) the
floor at four o’clock yesterday. 7. He (to get) up at 7 yesterday.
8. She (to fall) asleep at 11 yesterday. 9. Mother (to drink) tea at
11 yesterday. 10. They (to meet) at the street 2 hours ago.
Future
Continuous Tense
(Future Progressive Tense) (действие в процессе, будет совершаться в определенный момент в будущем или в момент совершения другого действия в будущем) shall/ will + be + Ving |
+
They will be working at that moment. - Они будут работать
в тот момент.
? Will they be working, when I come to them ? – Они будут работать, когда я приду к ним? - They will not be working from 12 to 14. - Они не будут работать с 12 до 14. |
В сложноподчиненном предложении с придаточным времени (when) следует правильно согласовывать времена: в той части предложения, где происходит процесс употребляется Future Continuous , а там где происходит однократное действие- Present Simple.
When I come home they will be having dinner.- Когда я приду домой, они будут обедать (ужинать).
will be having- процесс
come-однократное
действие
Future Continuous не употребляется в придаточных предложениях времени и условия. В этих случаях Future Continuous заменяется Present Continuos.
If he is sleeping when you come, wake him up.- Если он будет спать, когда вы придете, разбудите его.
1. I (to do)
my homework at six o’clock tomorrow.2. When I come home tomorrow,
my family (to have) supper.3.When you come to my place tomorrow, I (to
read) your book. 4. Don’t come to my place tomorrow! I (to write)
my composition the whole evening. 5. I (not to go) to the cinema tomorrow.
I (to watch) TV the whole evening. 6. What you (to do) at eight tomorrow?
7. You (to play) volleyball tomorrow? 8. I (not to go) to the cinema
tomorrow, I (to watch) TV the whole evening. 9. When you (to go) to
see your friend next time? 10. When she (to come) he (to sit) at the
window.
ВРЕМЕНА
ГРУППЫ PERFECT ACTIVE
TO HAVE + PARTICIPLE II (3Vf)
Present
Perfect Tense
( действие,
завершившееся к настоящему have/has + Ved\3fV(Participle II) |
+I have already finished my test.– Я уже закончила свой тест.?Have you already finished your test ?- Вы уже закончили свой тест? -I have not finished my test yet.- Я еще не закончил свой тест. |
Сравните также:
I have bought this book today (this week, this month).-Я купил эту книгу сегодня.
(не истекший отрезок времени - Present Perfect)
I bought a book yesterday (last week, last month). - Я купил эту книгу вчера
(истекший отрезок времени - Past Indefinite)
Запомните также следующие предложения:
I have never been to France.- Я никогда не был во Франции.
Have you ever been to London?- Ты когда-нибудь был в Лондоне?
I haven’t seen you for ages. – Я не видел тебя целую вечность.
I haven’t met him for a long time.- Я давно не встречал его.
I haven’t been to Moscow since last year.- Я не был в Москве с прошлого года.
Существует 3 случая использования Present Perfect:
She has just called here.- Она только что звонила сюда.
My friends have passed all the exams this week.
I have worked here since 1999.- Я работаю здесь с 1999 года.
This family has got cash benefit for a year and a half. – Эта семья получает пособие полтора года.
Упражнение 1. В следующих предложениях измените время глагола на Present Perfect. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The pupils are writing a dictation. 2. My friend is helping me to solve a difficult problem.3. I am learning a poem.4. She is telling them an interesting story.5. Kate is sweeping the floor.6. The waiter is putting a bottle of lemonade in from of him.7. The students are writing a dictation. 8. They are having tea. 9. I am buying milk for milk shakes. 10. You are putting the dishes on the table.
Past Perfect
Tense
(Действие завершилось раньше другого в прошлом или к определенному моменту) had + Ved\3fV (Participle II) |
+ I had written
my composition by 4. – К 4 часам я написал
сочинение.
? Had you written your composition by that time?- Ты написал сочинение к тому времени? - I had not written my composition by that time. – Я еще не написал сочинение к тому времени. |
Типичные для Past Perfect обстоятельства времени:
1) предлог времени by -к
by 5 o’clock – к пяти часам
by that time – к тому времени
He had done the whole exercise by the end of the lesson – Он сделал все упражнение к концу урока.
2) cоюзы
времени after, before или when (
в значении after)
After (when) the sun had sat, we decided to return.- После
того как солнце зашло, мы решили вернуться.