Лекция по "Иностранному языку"

Примечание. Времена Future -in-the Past Progressive (Continuous) Passive и Future-in-the Past Perfect Progressive (Continuous) Passive не используются.

Сводная таблица всех времен в страдательном  залоге

 
 

    Упражнение 1. Поставьте следующие предложения  в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.

1. Marmalade is made from oranges. 2. This town was built a century ago. 3. They were invited to a birthday party. 4. The fax has just been sent. 5. America was discovered long ago. 6. The book is still being published. 7. My neighbor’s car was stolen last night. 8. His winter boots were made in Germany. 9. The building was ruined by the earthquake. 10. Italian is spoken in Italy and on Malta.

    Упражнение 2 Переведите на английский язык выделенные глаголы.

1. A lot of houses построено in Moscow and other towns.
2. When было написано this letter?
3. The letter было написано this morning.
4. By whom будет переведена this article into English?
5. The article переведена already.
6. This question обсуждался when we came in.
7. Where are the students? They экзаменуются now in the next room.
8. By the time they arrive the work закончена.

 

    Упражнение 3. Употребите правильную форму глагола в пассивном залоге.

1. You (advise) to wear warm shoes in winter. 2. The time before bed (spend) very pleasantly. 3. Sniffer dogs (use) by police to detect drugs and explosives. 4. Huge pine trees (uproot) by the storm. 5. You (allow, not) to buy cigarettes if you are under sixteen. 6. Toyotas (manufacture) in Japan. 7. This road never (clean). 8. Gold (discover) in Eastern Canada. 9. When I saw him, he (chase) by a large dog. 10. Several towns (destroy) by the eruption of Vesuvius.

 

    Упражнение 4. Измените предложения по образцу.

Образец: A telephone call woke me up. – I was woken up by a telephone call.

1. My father built this cottage. 2. Beginners use that computer. 3. Somebody is opening the window now 4. We sold the last French text -book. 5. People all over Russia watch the news. 6. The moonlight lit everything in the room. 7. Don’t worry, we shall settle your problems. 8. We have just sent for the doctor. 9. The Semenovs don’t use this room very often. 10. Thomas Coryate brought forks from Italy to England. 11. He has just repaired his car. 12. Somebody addressed the letter to the wrong person. 13. The secretary is still typing the letter. 14. Mum cut the meat and chopped it. 15. Snow covered everything. 16. The police have been looking for him for a month! 17. He described his new flat for me. 18. Our chief offered me a day- off. 19. He pointed out the mistake to me. 20. They don’t allow their children to go far from home.    

 

    Упражнение 5. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Над ним смеялись, когда он сказал это.
2. На них смотрели с большим интересом.
3. За ними уже послали?
4. На эту статью часто ссылаются.
5. Об этой книге много говорят.
6. На него можно положиться.
7. Я уверен, что его будут слушать с большим вниманием.
8. Когда лодка пропала из вида, мы пошли домой.
9. Я думаю, их спору не будет конца.
10. Этот музей посещают очень часто.

 

    Упражнение 6. Замените действительный залог страдательным.

А) 1. Many people attend the lecture. 2. Someone has eaten the cake. 3. He will leave the ticket on the table. 4. They were discussing the report the whole evening. 5. People speak English  in many countries. 6. She has finished reading the book. 7. Everyone can see the film soon. 8. The gardener has planted some apple –trees. 9. His parents have bought him a new bicycle. 10. They will advertise the product on TV.

В) 1. An actor killed President Abraham Lincoln. 2. Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 3. The Chinese invented paper. 4. They invented photography in the 1876. 5. The French government gave the Statue of Liberty to the American people. 6. Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal mausoleum for his wife who died in 1631. 7. They make Volkswagen cars in Germany. 8. Columbus discovered America. 9. Fleming discovered penicillin. 10. They talked much about that problem.

 

    Упражнение 7. Переведите следующие предложения.

1. Вся  домашняя работа сделана: ошибки  исправлены, новые слова выучены,  предложения переведены, сочинение  написано. 2. Тихо! Не шумите! Она сейчас проходит интервью. 3. Радио «Европа-плюс» слушают во всей России. 4. Это вкусное блюдо было приготовлено итальянским поваром. 5. Многие современные лекарства делают из растений. 6. Музыка к опере «Женитьба Фигаро» была написана Моцартом. 7. Результаты экзаменов будут объявлены завтра утром. 8. Не прикасайся к забору. Его только что покрасили. 9. Все деревья и цветы в этом саду посажены мною. 10. Ошибка была сделана очень давно, а исправлена только сейчас.

 
 
 

    Упражнение 8. Дайте правильный ответ на следующие вопросы, используя подсказки.

1. Was “Mona Lisa” painted by Picasso? 2. Was Mickey Mouse created by Warners? 3. Was the song “Imagine” written by Elvis Presley? 4. Was the Film “Titanic” directed by Alfred Hitchcock? 5. Was “Romeo and Juliet” written by Agatha Christie? 6. Was the Parthenon built by the ancient Romans? 7. Was the telephone invented by Siemens? 8. Was America discovered by Marco Polo? 9. Was “The Moonlight Sonata” composed by Tchaikovsky? 10. Were the pyramids built in China?

Leonardo da Vinci, Marie Curie, the ancient Egyptians, James Cameron, the ancient Greeks, Walt Disney, John Lennon, Shakespeare, Alexander Bell, Popov, Christopher Columbus.

 

    Упражнение 9. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя Passive Indefinite после модальных глаголов.

1. Руки  надо мыть перед каждой едой. 2. Комнаты нужно регулярно проветривать. 3. Кошку надо кормить рыбой. 4. Собаку можно кормить мясом и овощами. 5. Ребенку надо давать фрукты. 6. Книги надо положить в шкаф. 7. Эту картину можно повесить над камином. 8. Как можно перевести это слово? 9. На что нужно обратить внимание? 10. Нужно записать твой номер телефона.

 

Упражнение 10. Передайте следующие предложения в Active Voice. Введите любые подходящие подлежащие, соответственно изменяя структуру предложения.

Например: 1. The room was cleaned and aired. – Olga cleaned and aired the room.

1. The room was cleaned and aired. 2. Have all these books been read? 3. Whom were these letters written by? 4. The letter has just been typed. 5. She showed me the picture which had been painted by her husband. 6. I shall not be allowed to go there. 7. He has been told everything, so he knows what to do now. 8. All the questions must be answered. 9. The door has been left open. 10. When will these books be returned to the library?

 

SEQUENCE  OF  TENSES 
Правило согласования времён

Сдвиг времён в придаточном дополнительном при  главном предложении в прошедшем  времени.

 
 

Например:

    Обратите внимание, что на русский язык придаточное предложение переводится одинаково в обоих случаях.

 

    Упражнение 1. Перепишите следующие предложения в прошедшем времени. Обратите внимание на зависимость времени придаточного дополнительного предложения от времени главного.

    1. He says he has spent a fortnight in the Caucasus. 2. He says it did him a lot of good. 3. He says he feels better now. 4. He says his wife and he spent most of their time on the beach. 5. He says they did a lot of sightseeing. 6. He says he has a good camera.

 

    Упражнение 2. Раскройте скобки, выбирая требующееся время глагола.

1. My friend asked me who (is playing, was playing) the piano in the sitting room. 2. He said he (will come, would come) to the station to see me off. 3. I was sure he (posted, had posted) the letter. 4. I knew that he (is, was) a very clever man. 5. I want to know what he (has bought, had bought) for her birthday. 6. He said he (is staying, was staying) at the “Ritz” Hotel. 7. They realized that they (lost, had lost) their way in the dark. 8. He asked me where I (study, studied). 9. I thought that I (shall finish, should finish) my work at that time. 10. Victor said he (is, was) very busy.

 

    Упражнение 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требуемом времени.

    1. I knew they (to wait) for me at the metro station and I decided to hurry. 2. He says that he (to know) the laws of the country. 3. Sarie understood why Lanny (not to come) the previous evening. 4. She asked me whether I (to remember) the legend about a faithful lion. 5. I suppose they (to send) a dog after a burglar immediately. 6. He said he (to leave) tomorrow morning. 7. She says she already (to find) the book. 8. He stopped and listened: the clock (to strike) five. 9. I asked my neighbor if he ever (to travel) by air before. 10. The policeman asked George where he (to run) so early.

 

INDIRECT  SPEECH 
Косвенная речь

 

    При переводе предложений в косвенную речь обстоятельства времени меняются.

 
 
 

    Упражнение 4. Передайте следующие повелительные предложения в косвеннной речи.

    E.g. The teacher said to me: “Hand this note to your parents, please””. – The teacher asked me to hand that note to my parents.