Назви людини із суфіксом -man в сучасній англійській мові

postman – (chiefly UK) someone who delivers the post (mail) to, and/or collects the post from, residential or commercial addresses, or from public mailboxes: The postman signed the receipt and went out. At the entrance of the ... The postman pressed down the mail bags with his hands, laid his sword on them and ... [The Post by Anton Chekhov] (a post – 1. A long dowel or plank protruding from the ground; a fence post; a light post);

із семантичним співвідношенням 1:9 (2 од.):

landman – someone who lives or works on land, as opposed to a seaman: The seaman looked with contempt upon the squire as a milksop and a landman, who had lived without knowing the points of the compass, or seeing any part of ... [Rambler 197 [The history of a legacy-hunter] by Samuel Johnson] (a land – 1. The part of Earth which is not covered by oceans or other bodies of water);

moneyman – someone tasked with handling money, often specifically a financier: Edward spoke, not merely as the elder brother, but also as the money-man of the family. When the father had broken down from over-work, and had been changed ...  [King Coal: A Novel by Upton Sinclair] (money – 1. A legally or socially binding conceptual contract of entitlement to wealth, void of intrinsic value, payable for all debts and taxes, and regulated in supply;

із семантичним співвідношенням 1:10:

lawman – an officer of the law, such as a sheriff or marshal: ... Perhaps the most famous lawman of America's 19th century wild ... "Sweetwater shootout" and as a lawman his 1878 capture of noted ... himself said his exploits as lawman were not as violent as ...[Frontier peace officer by Bat Masterson] (a law – 1. (uncountable) the body of rules and standards issued by a government, or to be applied by courts and similar authorities);

із семантичним співвідношенням 1:11:

carman – (obsolete) a person who transported goods, usually with a horse and cart: The cart of the carman, the omnibus, the ponderous dray. Pyrotechny, letting off coloured fireworks at night, fancy figures and jets, ... [To Working Men by Walt Whitman] (a car – 1. (dated) a wheeled vehicle, drawn by a horse or other animal);

із семантичним співвідношенням 1:12:

bookman – a bookseller: Now, bookmen are capable of understanding things about books which cannot be put into words; ... The genuine bookman begins by having specific desires. ... [Mental Efficiency And Other Hints to Men and Women by Arnold Bennett] (a book – 1. A collection of sheets of paper bound together to hinge at one edge, containing printed or written material, pictures, etc. If initially blank, commonly referred to as a notebook);

із семантичним співвідношенням 1:40:

headsman – an executioner whose method of dispatching the condemned is decapitation: But when he found out that they were not good, and thought that they were more for poisoning him, he sent immediately for the headsman to behead his ... [English fairy tale: King of England and His Three Sons by Joseph Jacobs] (a head – 1. (countable) the part of the body of an animal or human which contains the brain, mouth and main sense organs);

із семантичним співвідношенням 4:7 (1,2,3,4←1):

horseman – 1. А man who rides a horse. 2. А soldier on horseback. 3. А man skilled in horsemanship. 4. Іn British farming usage in former times, a man in charge of work horses: He was a good horseman, and trained in the arts of warfare, and when he was .... When he reached the camp of the young horseman, Alberdin, and found that ... [The Battle Of The Third Cousins by Frank R Stockton] (a horse – 1. А hoofed mammal (scientific name Equus caballus).

Семантика похідного yesman ормується на базі всіх (двох) значень іменника yes: yesman / yes-man / yes man – (idiomatic) a person who always agrees with his employer or superior: (yes – 1. А word used to show agreement or acceptance. 2. А word used to indicate disagreement or dissent in reply to a negative statement).

Представимо деривати, семантика яких формується на базі непрямого (непрямих) значень полісемантичного мотиватора (26 од.):

iз семантичним співвідношенням 1: 3 (1←1,2):

raftsman – a person who transports a raft of floating logs downstream to a sawmill: The raftsmen on the other side of the forest also aroused his envy. ... was Peter convinced that such a raftsman was the very picture of a lucky man. ... [The Marble Heart by William Hauff] (a raft – 1. A flat structure made of planks, barrels etc., that floats on water, and is used for transport, emergencies or a platform for swimmers 2. A flat-bottomed inflatable craft for floating or drifting on water);

iз семантичним співвідношенням 1: 4 (1←2):

cellarman – a man in charge of the alcoholic drinks (traditionally the wine cellar) in a tavern etc. : Randy Derzapf, Cellarman's owner, said his restaurant, … [Cellarman's reviewed by Texas Monthly by Kathy Williams] (a cellar – 2. А wine collection, especially when stored in a cellar);

iз семантичним співвідношенням 1: 4 (1←3):

dairyman – a man who works in a dairy, or who delivers dairy products: The dairyman poured rich milk into his shining bottles and packed them into ... It was very cold, but the dairyman knew that it was time at three o'clock to ... [The Holiday by Carolyn Sherwin Bailey] (a dairy –3. (also dairy products or dairy produce) products produced from milk);

gag-man – a man employed to write jokes or comedy routines, as for a professional entertainer or show (a gag –3. A joke or other mischievous prank);

storeman – warehouseman: As storeman down at Jones' printin' joint, A decent sorter cop at fifty bob. Then things get 'ome-like; an' we torks till late,  ... [Mar by Clarence James Dennis] (a store – 4. A place where items may be accumulated or routinely kept);

iз семантичним співвідношенням 1: 4 (1←2,3):

tinman – a maker of tinware (a tin – 2. (UK, countable) an airtight container, made of tin or another metal, used to preserve food. 3. (countable) a metal pan used for baking, roasting, etc);

iз семантичним співвідношенням 1: 6 (1←2):

clubman – (dated) a man who attends a social club: He evidently did not recognize Van Bibber, and the clubman gave him a half-dollar ... drawled the clubman, sympathetically. "Haven't you any money, either?"... [The Hungry Man was Fed by Richard Harding Davis] (a club – 2. An association of members joining together for some common purpose, especially sports or recreation);

iз семантичним співвідношенням 1: 7 (1←3):

gasman – (colloquial) a worker for a company that supplies gas (in the sense of the gaseous fuel), especially one who visits premises to read the meter, test appliances etc.: You have to tum to Hazlitt's account of the encounter between the Gasman and the Bristol Bull, to feel the savage strength of it all. ... [Through the Magic Door by Arthur Conan Doyle] (a gas – 3. (uncountable) a flammable gaseous hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon mixture (typically predominantly methane) used as a fuel, e.g. for cooking, heating, electricity generation or as a fuel in internal combustion engines in vehicles);

woodsman – a man who lives and works in woodland; a forester or woodman: The craft of the woodsman, the tricks of the trapper, all the delicate art of the forest, were familiar to Cooper from his youth up. [Fenimore Cooper's Literary Offences by Mark Twain] (wood – 3. (uncountable) a forested or wooded area, most often used in the plural);

із семантичним співвідношенням 1: 9 (1←3):

Party man – a man who is a member of a party / a guild: He was a good party man and conscious of being entitled to his voice in party matters. This seemed to him an opportunity for exerting a bit of political ... [The Brown Mouse by Herbert Quick] (a party – 3. (often capital) a group of people organized together to further a common political aim, such as the election of its candidates to public office);

iз семантичним співвідношенням 1: 9 (1←1,2,5):

family man – an adult male with a spouse and children to whose well-being he is dedicated: "I should certainly advise the 'Young Family Man' with a delicate wife and uncertain domestic help to fortify his kitchen with one of these fixtures. ... [The Transition by Harriet Beecher Stowe] (a family – 1. A father, mother and their sons and daughters; also called nuclear family. 2. (countable) a group of people related by blood, marriage, law, or custom. 5. (countable) a group of people who live together, or one that is similar to one that is related by blood, marriage, law, or custom, or members of one's intimate social group);

iз семантичним співвідношенням 1: 10 (1←3):

switch-man – a man who operates railroad switches (a switch – 3. (rail transport, US) A movable section of railroad track which allows the train to be directed down one of two destination tracks; point);

iз семантичним співвідношенням 1: 10 (1←3,4,5):

gunman – a criminal armed with a gun, especially a professional killer: McGee, however, glared at both Mawson and the gunman, though none of them said a word. "They used to be out there as stable-boys at Broadhurst's," I heard ... [The Toxin Of Fatigue by Arthur B. Reeve] (a gun – 3. A very portable, short arm, for hand use; a bullet or projectile-firing; handgun, revolver, pistol, Derringer, zipgun, so forth. 4. Less portable, long arm; bullet or projectile firing; rifle, either manual, automatic or semi-automatic; a musket or shotgun. 5. Any implement designed to fire a projectile from a tube, even if it is not a firearm, e.g., air-pressure pellet gun, air rifle, BB gun; or, a home-made firearm such as a potato gun);

із семантичним співвідношенням 1: 11 (1←4):

talesman – (rare) the author or relater of a tale; storyteller; a speaker of tales (male): And again an appeal was taken; was refused by the next higher court; and allowed by the highest; this time because a talesman had said he had expressed an [The Spectre In The Cart by Thomas Nelson Page] (a tale – 4) (obsolete) a speech; a statement; talk; conversation; discourse);

із семантичним співвідношенням 1: 12 (1←7):

potman – (UK) a man employed in a public house to collect empty pots or glasses; a waiter in a similar establishment: The potman was at work in the backyard, Esther was sewing in the parlour. Hearing steps, she went into the bar. Fred looked at her abashed, he was a little ... [Esther Waters by George Augustus Moore](a pot – 7. (Australian) a glass of beer. Size varies regionally but is normally 10 fl oz (285 ml);

iз семантичним співвідношенням 1: 20 (1←3):

footman – a man employed as a servant in a large establishment (as a palace) to run errands and do chores: As the footman turned away, she raised her eyes for the first time to Durham's. "Will you walk with me? Let us cross the Tuileries. [Madame de Treymes by Edith Wharton] (a foot – 3.  Travel by walking);

із семантичним співвідношенням 1: 24 (1←6):

barman – a  man who works in a bar: The barman had forgotten the piece of lemon, and was rewarded with an oath considerably stronger than the occasion seemed to warrant. ... [The Unclassed by George Gissing] (a bar – 6. A business licensed to sell intoxicating beverages for consumption on the premises, or the premises themselves; public house).

із співвідношенням 2:3 (1←2; друге значення немотивоване):

yardman – 1. Worker in a railway yard. 2. A laborer hired to do outdoor work: Another young fellow brought out a typewriting machine; he is now yardman at a Suva hotel. A third is a married man with two young children. ... [Making A Fortune In The South Seas by Louis Becke] (a yard – 2. An enclosed area designated for a specific purpose, e.g. on farms, railways etc.);

із співвідношенням 2:4 (1,2←2):

signalman – 1. Somebody employed to operate the signals and points of a railway. 2. A member of the armed forces responsible for signalling: " Steady with that light there, signalman," he commanded suddenly. "Back slowly to port with the beam." … "Hold the light on anything you see, signalman."... [Dave Darrin on Mediterranean Service by H. Irving Hancock] (a signal – 2. An on-off light, semaphore, or other device used to give an indication to another person);

із співвідношенням 2:5 (1←1-3; 2←4):

schoolman – 1. Man who is a professional educator or scholar. 2. A medieval Scholastic scholar or philosopher: ... Raymund de Sabunde a Spanish schoolman (published 1569) ... [Essays by de Montaigne Michel] (school – 1. (US, Canada) an institution dedicated to teaching and learning; an educational institution. 2. (UK) an educational institution providing primary and secondary education, prior to tertiary education (college or university). 3. Within a larger educational institution, an organizational unit, such as a department or institute, which is dedicated to a specific subject area. 4. (considered collectively) the followers of a particular doctrine; a particular way of thinking or particular doctrine; a school of thought. 5. The time during which classes are attended or in session in an educational institution);

із співвідношенням 3:4 (1,2←1; третє значення немотивоване):

swordsman – 1. А person skilled at using swords in sport or combat; a fencer; 2. А person who fights with a sword. 3. (informal) a man who is a skillful or enthusiastic practitioner of sexual intercourse: Boucher was a bravo and undoubtedly a great swordsman. He understood now the secret of those thick flexible wrists and of the man's insulting manner. ... [The Hunters of the Hills by Joseph A. Altsheler] (a sword – 1. (weaponry) a long-bladed weapon having a handle and sometimes a hilt and designed to stab, cut or slash);

із співвідношенням 3:17 (1,2,3←8):

waterman – 1. A man who lives or works mainly in or near water. 2. A boatman or an oarsman who has attained a high level of knowledge or skill: A waterman's boat was lying in the river just below Greenwich, the waterman resting on his oars, while his fare, a small, perturbed-looking man in seaman's ... [A Harbour of Refuge by William Wymark Jacobs]. 3. (surfing) a man skilled in multiple aquatic sports disciplines, such as surfing, bodysurfing, undersea diving, canoe paddling, fishing, etc. (water – 8). (countable) a body of water, standing or flowing; a lake, river, or other collection of water);

із співвідношенням 3:17 (1,2,3←2):

guardsman – 1. A person, especially a soldier, who is on guard. 2. (US) a member of the National Guard. 3. (UK) a member of a Guards regiment: At length the rural guardsman, seeing me with fixed gaze and mouth agape, made so bold as to touch me on the shoulder. "Mr. Christian," said he, ... [The Owl's Ear by Erckmann-Chatrian] (a guard – 2. (military) a squad responsible for protecting something).

в) до наступної групи належать похідні, семантика яких формується на базі кількох значень мотиваторів (17 од.):

– однозначні деривати:

із семантичним співвідношенням 1: 3 (1←1,2):

infantryman – a soldier employed in an infantry role: That was the field where an infantryman knew that he stood on the most dangerous spot on the earth!" Through the passes of the South Mountain, over Red Hill ... [The Long Roll by Mary Johnston] (an infantry – 1. Soldiers who fight on foot (on land), as opposed to cavalry and other mounted units, regardless of external transport (e.g. airborne). 2. (uncountable) the part of an army consisting of infantry soldiers, especially opposed to mounted and technical troops);

із семантичним співвідношенням 1: 4 (1←1,2):

clansman – a male member of a clan: ... Nation based on Dixon's The Clansman ... [The Clansman by Thomas Dixon] (a clan – 1. (anthropology) a group of people all descended from a common ancestor, in fact or belief. 2. Traditional social group of families in the Scottish Highlands having a common hereditary chieftain);

із семантичним співвідношенням 1:6 (1←1,2):

bailsman – (law) a person who provides bail for another: Speke had his bedding amidships, spread on reeds; the cook and bailsman sat facing him, and Bombay and one Belooch behind him. Beyond them, in couples, ... [Great African Travellers, from Mungo Park to Livingstone and Stanley by William H.G. Kingston] (a bail – 1. (law) security, usually a sum of money, exchanged for the release of an arrested person as a guarantee of that person's appearance for trial; 2. (law) release from imprisonment on payment of such money);

із семантичним співвідношенням 1: 10 (1←1,2):

ropeman / ropesman – someone who uses a rope: ... asked Chal-az for the Caspakian name for rope, he told me ga, and for the first time I understood the derivation of the word Galu, which means ropeman. [The People That Time Forgot by Edgar Rice Burroughs] (a rope – 1. (uncountable) thick strings, yarn, monofilaments, metal wires, or strands of other cordage that are twisted together to form a stronger line; 2) (countable) an individual length of such material);

bondman – a man who is bound in servitude; a slave or serf: ... The Parliament of Love The Bondman and The Renegado. In The ... The Duke of Milan The Bondman and The Great Duke of ... [The Virgin Martyr by Philip Massinger]; (a bond – 1. (law) evidence of a long-term debt, by which the bond issuer (the borrower) is obliged to pay interest when due, and repay the principal at maturity, as specified on the face of the bond certificate. The rights of the holder are specified in the bond indenture, which contains the legal terms and conditions under which the bond was issued. Bonds are available in two forms: registered bonds, and bearer bonds; 2. (finance) a documentary obligation to pay a sum or to perform a contract; a debenture);

із семантичним співвідношенням 1: 12 (1←1,2):

shieldman / shieldman – someone who carries a shield: Can shieldman from his tyrants. [Giambattista Niccolini by William Dean Howells] (a shield – 1. А broad piece of defensive armor, carried on the arm, formerly in general use in war, for the protection of the body. 2. Аnything which protects or defends; defense; shelter; protection);

із семантичним співвідношенням 1: 14 (1←1,2):

hookman – someone who uses a hook (a hook – 1. А rod bent into a curved shape, typically with one end free and the other end secured to a rope or other attachment. 2. А fishhook, a barbed metal hook used for fishing);

– полісемантичні деривати:

із співвідношенням 2:4 (1←1, 2←2,3):

churchman – 1. А man who is a cleric. 2. А man who is a member of a church: ... with the dignity of a churchman to write on any subject ... [Satires du Sieur D... by Nicolas Boileau] (a church – 1. А Christian house of worship; a building where religious services take place. 2. А Christian religious organization, local or general. 3. А group of people who follow the same Christian religious beliefs, local or general);

із співвідношенням 2:4 (1,2←1,2):

countryman – 1. А person who lives in the country. 2. А person from a particular country or from one's own country: A countryman one day said to his little puppies, "Come into the parlour and enjoy yourselves, ... The countryman said, "She will know nothing about it. [The Crumbs on the Table by Jacob & Wilhelm Grimm] (a country – 1. Аn area of land; a district, region. 2. А set region of land having particular human occupation or agreed limits, especially inhabited by members of the same race, language speakers etc., or associated with a given person, occupation, species etc);

із співвідношенням 2:4 (1←1, 2←4):

journeyman – 1. А tradesman who has served an apprenticeship and is employed by a master tradesman: A friend of Miss Martin's who had long been keeping company with an ornamental painter and decorator's journeyman, at last consented ... [The Mistaken Milliner. A Tale of Ambition by Charles Dickens]. 2. А competent but undistinguished tradesman, especially one who works, and is paid by the day (a journey – 1. А set amount of travelling, seen as a single unit; a discrete trip, a voyage. 4. (obsolete) a day’s work);

із співвідношенням 2:5 (1←2, 2←3):

assemblyman – 1. А male member of an assembly. 2. А member of the lower house of certain US state legislatures: local bank a state assemblyman and later a state senator [A Woman Under The Influence by Gena Rowlands] (an assembly – 2. A congregation of people in one place for a purpose. 3. А legislative body);

із співвідношенням 2:6 (1←2,3; 2←4):

congressman – 1. А male member of congress. 2. А male member of the House of Representatives: ... a lawyer and United States congressman and his mother Zilpha Wadsworth ... [Evangeline by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow] (a congress – 2. А formal gathering or assembly. 3. А conference held to discuss or decide on a specific question. 4. (often capitalized: Congress) a legislative body of a state, originally the bicameral legislature of the United States of America);

із співвідношенням 2:8 (1←1; 2←2):

pressman – 1. Someone who operates a printing press. 2. A journalist or newspaper reporter: The "pressman" was now the man-of-all-work about the modest but trim little publishing plant. He attended to whatever job printing came in, made the ... [Aunt Jane's Nieces On Vacation by L. Frank Baum] (a press – 1. (countable) a device used to apply pressure to an item. 2. (uncountable) a collective term for the print based media (both the people and the newspapers);

із співвідношенням 2:10 (1,2←1):

statesman – 1. Man who is a leader in national or international affairs. 2. A political leader who promotes the public good: ... the poet became a petty statesman; and occupying himself in various ... [Most influential German writer by Goethe] (a state – 1. Any sovereign polity. A government);