Развитие коммуникативных способностей старших подростков средствами игры на уроках английского языка

Ученики садятся вокруг стола. Можно разделиться на 2-3 группы. Каждая группа получает только по одному листочку бумаги.

Задание:

Представьте, что вы журналисты. Вы должны написать статью о смешном случае, когда-либо произошедшем. Группа сама выбирает тему. Один человек из группы пишет первое предложение, затем передает листочек дальше по кругу. Время ограниченно. В конце занятия, каждая группа представляет свои статьи.

Unit 7 What’s your line?

“I’m looking for a job”

Цель: развивать навыки письма.

Учащиеся деляться на две группы. Одна группа – работодатели, другая – люди, ищущие работу. Первая группа, берет листы бумаги и пишет объявление о поиске того или иного человека (опыт работы, стаж, образование, владение языками, качества характера, возраст и так далее) на какую-то должность. Затем вывешивает их на доску. Каждый из другой группы выбирает себе объявление и, на его основе, пишет письмо своему работодателю, с просьбой взять его на работу.

Unit 8 Making your day out fun [6]

“How I am going to spend my summer”             

Цель: развивать навыки аудирования.

В интернете вы можете найти видео, которое называется “Summer”. Это история, в которой мальчик рассказывает, как он проведет свое лето. Перед просмотром необходимо изучить незнакомую лексику.

Предполагается работа в парах.

Задание:

Представьте себе, что вы этот мальчик, расскажите своему собеседнику, как бы вы провели это лето, с кем бы встретились, что бы хотели получить от лета. Собеседник задает вопросы, уточняет, добавляет.

Unit 9 Books

“Books, books, books”

Цель: развивать навыки чтения.

Разделитесь на 3 группы по 4 человека. Каждая группа получает по одному тексту, который разделен на 4 части. Каждый ученик получает одну часть. Задание заключается в том, что каждый ученик читает свою часть, кратко пересказывает остальным и затем вся группа воспроизводит всю историю, определяет жанр книги (детектив, фантастика, ужасы и так далее), сюжет и рассказывает об этой книге перед классом, также выразив свое мнение по поводу этой книги. (см. Приложение, Summaries of the books)

Unit 10 Healthy body, healthy mind

“Give me some advice”

Цель: развивать навыки диалогической и монологической речи учащихся.

Вы на конференции диетологов. Дайте советы людям, у которых проблемы со здоровьем. Темы: здоровая еда, лучшая диета, лучший стиль жизни, спорт, голодание, что такое быть красивым и так далее. Как учитель, так и ученики могут задавать вопросы, уточнять предложения, спорить, просить аргументировать свое утверждение.

Приложение:

1. Приложение к игре “I love you Russia!”:

Role cards:

 You are a historian. Tell us a little about Russia’s history, the most famous people in your opinion.

 You are a famous Russian sportsman (V. Klitchko or Alina Kabaeva), tell us about sport progress in Russia.

 You are a fan of Russian football team; tell us about its footballers and its achievements.

 You are a famous Russian musician (Олегу Леонидович Лундстрем — a famous jazz musician), tell us about your work and about music in Russia.

 You love Russia. Tell us about the most famous sights of Russia.

 You are a famous Russian writer. Tell us about Russian literature.

 You are a tourist. You have just visited a lot of interesting places in Russia and know a lot about its holidays. Tell us about Russian national holidays.

2. Приложение к игре “Have you ever been to Australia?”

Fun Facts About Australia - Animals

 There are 1500 species of Australian spiders.

 If you read about our spiders you might not like this: the average person swallows three spiders a year.

 We have over 6000 species of flies, about 4000 species of ants, and there are about 350 species of termites in Australia.

 The combined mass of all termites in the world is more than ten times the mass of all people.

 Termites are also called white ants, but they're not ants, in fact not even closely related to ants.

 Australia has the world's largest population of wild camels with one hump.

 The Tasmanian Devil does exist, and it has the jaw strength of a crocodile.

 Sharks are immune to all known diseases.

 There are more than 150 million sheep in Australia, and only some 20 million people.

Fun Facts About Australia - Geography

 No part of Australia is more than 1000 km from the ocean and a beach. (The point in the world that's the furthest from any ocean would be in China.)

 Australia has the world's largest cattle station (ranch). At 30,028 km2 it is almost the same size as Belgium.

 Population density in Australia is usually calculated in km2 per person, not people per km2.

 Australians have 380,000 m2 per person available. Yet well over 90% are cramming into our coastal cities. (Don't ask me why, I sure prefer it here in the Outback.)

 We call Australian's from Queensland "banana benders", and people from Western Australia "sandgropers".

 Tasmania has the cleanest air in the world.

 The Great Barrier Reef has a mailbox. You can ferry out there and send a postcard, stamped with the only Great Barrier Reef stamp.

 The Australian Alps, or Snowy Mountains as they are also known, receive more snow than Switzerland.

 Melbourne has the second largest Greek population in the world, after Athens.

Other Miscellaneous Australian Fun Facts

 Imagine the fully welded rails of the Ghan train track weren't restrained properly: on a hot Outback desert day they would expand at 200km/hour and at the Darwin end they'd stick out 1.1 km into the ocean.

 Star gazing: under ideal viewing conditions, like in the Australian Outback, the naked eye can detect about 5,780 stars.

 The Sydney Opera House roof weighs more than 161,000 tons.

 The Great Barrier Reef is the largest organic construction on earth.

 Termite mounds are the tallest non-human constructions on earth.

 Yulara, the Aboriginal name of the Ayers Rock Resort, means "crying", "weeping". Nasty tongues say because that's what visitors do when they see their bill...

The Country

Australia is a natural wonderland of beautiful beaches, crystal blue waters, amazing ancient rock formations and pristine rainforests.

Australia is the sixth largest country in the world and has the lowest population density per square kilometre.

Australia has 16 world heritage listed properties with its historic townships, bustling cities, vivid landscapes and exotic flora and fauna all adding to its unique appeal.

Much of Australia's exotic flora and fauna cannot be found anywhere else in the world and the lifestyle is one second to none.

Culture and Customs

The culture and customs consists of a rich tapestry of nationalities including traditions, legends, myths and folklore. The indigenous 'Dream time' forms the base of tens of thousands of years of spiritual aboriginal art and culture.

Language

In Australia over 200 different languages and dialects are spoken, including 45 indigenous languages. The most commonly spoken languages (other than English) are Italian, Greek, Cantonese, Arabic, Vietnamese and Mandarin.

States and Territories

Australia is made up of six states and two territories. To find out more about each state and territory, use the map below:

The Nation and People

Geography

Australia is both an island and a continent; it is the largest island but smallest continent in the world. It is about thirty seven hundred kilometres from north to south and four thousand kilometres from east to west. It has an area of nearly 7.7 million square kilometres and is the sixth largest nation on earth; it is the lowest of all the continents with the highest point at only 2228 metres. The landscape variety more than compensates for the lack of height. Climatic zones range from tropical rainforests, to deserts, and cool temperate forests to snow covered mountains.

Indigenous Australians

Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islanders made up all the people of Australia before the arrival of European settlers in 1788. They formed many groups with their lifestyle, religious and cultural traditions reflecting a deep connection with the land. They spoke one or more of hundreds of languages. Now, they make up only a small part of the total number of Australians. They continue to live in all places including cities, towns, the coast, rural areas and the outback. There is no single culture but a mixture of current day and traditional thoughts, ways and practices.

Migration to Australia

On 26 January 1788, the First Fleet arrived in Port Jackson now called Sydney. We commemorate the date of that first landing as Australia Day, which is our national day. Migrants arriving with and after the First Fleet were mainly English convicts and free settlers. They included Italians, Greeks, Malays and people from other parts of Europe. The gold rushes attracted a large number of people from Britain, Ireland, Germany and China. Afghans also came at this time, bringing camels with them for inland exploration. Early Japanese settlers started the pearling industry in Australia.

Post World War II Migration

Large-scale migration began after World War II and it is continuing today. The resettlement of displaced persons and refugees saw migrants come from Britain, many parts of Europe and the Middle East. After the abolition of the White Australia policy, migrants also came from many parts of Asia. Patterns that are more recent see more people coming from Africa.

People from around 200 countries have come to live here and about a quarter of us were born overseas. We speak more than 200 languages with English the national language. We are encouraged to read and speak English. English is the main language used in schools, although schools teach other languages. Some schools have bilingual programs.

3. Приложение к игре “Books, books, books”

Dan Brown “The Da Vinci Code” 

The mysterious murder one late night at the Louvre in Paris kicks this fast-moving thriller going. The elderly Jacques Saunièr is murdered at the famous art museum. His grand daughter and crypologist Sophie Neveu, together with the Harvard professor and symbol expert Robert Langdon, try to solve a number of coded messages that the curator has left behind. The two of them soon realise that they are about to uncover one of the best hidden secrets in history.

In their attempts to solve the mystery they learn that Jacques Saunièr was a member of Prieuré de Sion, which is a secret society that once had members like Leonardo da Vinci, Sandro Botticelli and Isaac Newton. They discover hidden messages in Leonardo da Vinci's paintings, and soon realise that they are looking for the Holy Grail. As Robert is suspected for the murderer of Jacques Saunièr they have to work fast to find the Holy Grail, before the Frech police catches up with them.

When Robert and Sophie find out that a number of other distinguished members of the society are murdered, they fear that the big secret may soon be lost forever. This is a race against time. A race that they can not afford to lose, or the secret will be forever lost.

"Life of Pi"

This novel tells the story of a seven month long journey over the Pacific Ocean, a boy and a tiger in a lifeboat. Pi is a 16-year-old boy who lives in India. Although his parents are atheists religion is something that fascinates him. His love for God is so great that he cannot choose only one religion. He is a Christian, a Muslim and a Hindu.

His father who owns a zoological park is forced to close it and sell all the animals. This is in 1977 when the political regime changes in India. The family decides to leave their home country and move to Canada. Some of the animals are sold to American and Canadian zoological parks and the family decides to travel together with the animals on a big ship. The animals who are locked up in their cages are being fed by the family and cared for and everything seems fine. But there is a storm the ship sinks. Pi who is the sole human survivor ends up in a lifeboat together with a zebra, a hyena, an orang-outang and a Bengal tiger.

Life of Pi is a fascinating story about survival, belief, animal behavior, hope and hopelessness. The young boy struggles to survive in a very tough environment. A hyena, a tiger, lack of food and water, the sun, the salty water and sharks are some of challenges he has to face in a very limited space.

Harper Lee , "To Kill a Mockingbird"

Jean Louis is an eight-year-old girl who is also called Scout. She and her brother Jeremy live with their father in the town Maycomb. The two of them have lots of fun during their summer holidays, but there is one scary thing in their neighborhood that occupies their minds more than anything else. Their neighbor's house is a scary place that they always run quickly past. In there lives a person that they have never seen - Boo Radley - because for some mysterious reason he never goes outside.

Scout's father is lawyer and she is telling the reader about an episode that happend in the little town a few years back, when her father had to defend a black man who was accused of raping a white woman. This was something that introduced the two children to the adult life with its harsh reality, injustice and racism in the USA during the 1930s. At that time only white men were allowed in the jury. Everything in the novel is presented from the young girl's point of view, but she is a very intelligent girl and she doesn't miss much, so this is not a problem for the reader.

"The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time"

The neighbour's dog has been murdered. The 15-year-old Christopher takes on the case. He lives across the street alone with his father because his mother has died of cancer. Christopher is very good at math and memorizing things.

Christopher is autistic and he doesn't always understand what people mean and it is difficult to understand facial expressions. He doesn't like new places because there are too many new impressions, and he can't help but notice details that other people don't see. This is why he likes familiar places - like home and school - because then he doesn't have to memorize everything, only the smaller things that have changed. He also likes to plan ahead in the calendar so that he knows what is going to happen. He doesn't like surprises.

This makes solving a murder very difficult, because then he has to investigate and go to places and ask people questions. However, he overcomes his fears and starts the investigation. At the same time he documents the progress and writes a book about it. He writes down his thoughts about the case and about his life and why he reacts the way he does in different situations.

It is Christopher's voice that tells the story and he gives us an idea of what it is like to be autistic, and how difficult life can be in very simple situations. During his investigations he does not only come closer to solving the murder, but he also learns new things about his own family. This complicates everything but it also helps him solve the case.

Dan Brown, "Angels and Demons"

A scientist is murdered at CERN in Switzerland, the high tech research laboratory specializing in nuclear physics. The dead scientist Leonardo Vetra has the word Illuminati burned onto his chest, and the killer has stolen a sample of Leonardo's latest discovery, antimatter, which is highly explosive substance. Antimatter will explode whenever it comes into contact with matter, which is anything and everything.

The symbol specialist Robert Langdon recognizes the word Illuminati written on the dead man's chest. Robert knows that it was an old secret society that no longer exists, but it seems to have resurrected. Robert Langdon and Vittoria Vetra - the scientist's daughter - travel to Rome to find the murderer and the antimatter.

Meanwhile the cardinals have gathered in Rome for a conclave to select a new Pope. Somewhere beneath them is a bomb made of the antimatter. The clock is ticking and the bomb will explode within 24 hours and wipe the whole Vatican City away forever.

Заключение

В ходе исследовательской работы мы определили, что коммуникативные способности – это способности необходимые для организации контактов между людьми в ходе совместной деятельности. Это способности необходимые для достижения успеха в современном быстро развивающемся мире. Важным в нашем мире также является владение иностранным языком. Самым необходимым является английский язык, в силу своей интернациональности. Поэтому урок английского языка является прекрасной возможностью не только для овладения иностранным языком, но и для развития коммуникативных способностей.

Для того чтобы развивать коммуникативные способности старших подростков, нужно развивать на уроках иностранного языка различные виды речевой деятельности, которые лежат в основе развитых коммуникативных способностей.

Различают следующие ВРД: говорение (диалогическая и монологическая речь), чтение и аудирование, письмо.

Для их развития необходимо универсальное средство, которое отвечало бы возрастным потребностям подростка и особенностям развития коммуникативных способностей. Таким средством является игра. Так как она отвечает возрастным потребностям старших подростков, таким как: потребность в общении со сверстниками, в самовыявлении, в отношениях с товарищами-сверстниками по принципу принципиального равенства, что позволяет ребятам быть равноправными участниками всевозможных дел, потребность частой смены ситуаций и довольно широкого круга участников, потребность взаимодействия друг с другом, при котором подростки учатся рефлексии на себя и сверстника, также, игра предоставляет возможность примерить на себя новые социальные роли, пережить новый опыт, поддержать, а может быть и улучшить свой статус в классе, что отвечает потребности самоутвердиться.

Игра создает неформальную атмосферу, которая мотивирует, заинтересовывает детей, предоставляет возможность развивать коммуникативные способности и отрабатывать навыки различных видов речевой деятельности, на основе ситуаций, приближенных к реальным. Игра, на уроках английского языка сама по себе стимул, для того чтобы знать язык, уметь на нем общаться, владеть всеми видами речевой деятельности, иметь развитые коммуникативные способности.

Высокий уровень развития этих видов речевой деятельности, является показателем развитых коммуникативных способностей.

Список литературы:

1.  Алхазишвили А.А. Основы овладения устной иностранной речью. М., Просвещение, 1988, с. 334.

2. Бодалев А.А. Об общении и учете его характеристик при работе с людьми. Л.: ЛГУ, 1972, с. 346.

3. Божович Л. И. Проблемы формирования личности: Под редакцией Д. и. Фельдштейна / Вступительная статья Д. и. Фельдштейна. – М.: Издательство «Институт практической психологии, Воронеж: НПО «МОДЭК», 1995. – 352 с.

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5.  Государственный образовательный стандарт начального общего, основного общего и среднего (полного) общего образования, Министерство общего и профессионального образования РФ.

6. Дегтерев Ю. В., Литвинов В. Г., Петрусинский В. В., Розанова Е. Г. Игры – обучение, тренинг, досуг…/ под редакцией В. В. Петрусинского – М.: 1994.

7. Видеоролик “Summer”, englishon-line.narod.ru

8. Зимняя И.А. Психология обучения иностранным языкам в школе. М.: Просвещение, 1991, с. 248.

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10. Кидрон А. А. Психология общения. Таллин, 1986.