Автор: Пользователь скрыл имя, 27 Декабря 2011 в 20:59, курсовая работа
Целью работы является определение сфер жизни, в которых чаще всего используется эвфемистическая лексика, а также культурные ценности британской нации, которые эти эвфемизмы отражают.
Для достижения поставленной цели необходимо решить следущие задачи:
провести качественный и количественный анализ эвфемистической лексики английского языка;
выявить наиболее табуированные сферы эвфемизации в английском языке;
установить связь эвфемизмов данного языка и системы ценностей говорящего на этом языке народа.
Введение.................................................................................................................3
Глава 1. Характерные особенности британской нации ...................................5
1.1. Отношение британцев к сексу......................................................................5
1.2. Отношение британцев к смерти...................................................................7
1.3. Отношение британцев к социальным группам и личным характеристикам человека..................................................................................................................9
Выводы по главе 1...............................................................................................11
Глава 2. Специфика эвфемистической лексики английского языка..............14
2.1. Понятие эвфемистической лексики............................................................14
2.2. Отражение культурных ценностей в эвфемистической лексике современного английского языка........................................................................18
Выводы по главе 2................................................................................................24
Заключение............................................................................................................26
Библиографический список.................................................................................28
Список источников...........................
После обработки полученной нами статистики из корпуса английского языка, мы пришли к следующим выводам:
Библиографический
список
Список
источников
Приложения
Приложение
1. Таблица 1.
beggar | panhandler, homeless person |
crippled | disabled, physically challenged |
drunk (adj) | intoxicated, inebriated, tipsy |
lazy | Unmotivated |
old | mature, senior, not in his/her first youth |
old age | golden age, golden years |
old person | senior citizen, pensioner |
poor children | at-risk children |
poor nation | emerging nation, developing nation, third-world nation |
poor student | underachiever, underperformer |
poor | low-income, working class, modest, underprivileged |
removed from duty | put on administrative leave |
retarded | special, slow, mentally challenged |
tramp | homeless person |
selfish | self-centered |
sick | indisposed, ill, under the weather |
stupid | slow |
ugly | unattractive, modest, plain, not much to look at, cosmetically different |
unemployed | between jobs, taking time off |
vagrant | homeless person |
bald | thinking, thin on the top |
fat | corpulent, rotund, stout |
blind | sightless, eyeless, visionless |
deaf | hard of hearing, hearing-impaired |
dumb | impediment, vocally (orally) challenged |
lame | physically inconvenienced, uniquely abled |
wrinkled | mature skin challenged by natural hormonal changes, tired lackluster skin |
stupid woman | doll |
invalid | lame, crippled, handicapped, disabled, differently abled |
Coffin | casket |
Dead | departed, deceased, late, lost, gone, passed |
death insurance | life insurance |
death penalty | capital punishment |
Death | demise, end, destination, better world, afterlife, eternal life, alive with Jesus |
Deaths | body count |
Die | pass away, pass on, expire, go to heaven |
Kill | put down/away/out/to sleep, take care of |
kill on a mass basis | liquidate |
killing of innocents | collateral damage |
Mortuary | funeral home/parlor |
suicide (to commit) | to end it all, take the easy way out, do oneself in |
commit suicide by hanging | kick the bucket |
to be dead and buried | push up the daises, six feet under |
drowned | floated |
to shoot someone | blow away |
death certificate | vital statistics form |
hearse | professional car, service car |
grave | space |
embalming of the corpse | restorative art |
coffin | pine overcoat |
process of burial (funeral) | interment |
cremation | calcification |
make love | sleep with |
sexual intercourse | sleep with, make love |
sexual relations (illicit) | liaison |
sexual relationship | involvement, intimate relationship, affair |
sex | do what comes naturally |
condom | preventative, safety, birth control |
pregnant | in an interesting (delicate) condition, in the family way |
abortion | termination, voluntary interrupted pregnancy |
child birth | interesting (happy) event |
homosexuality | abnormal, curious, odd, male (female) oriented |
unisex | same gender oriented |
Приложение
2. Таблица 2.
Понятие | Эвфемизм | стиль | статистика
использования
(по годам) |
варианты языка | ||||||
книжно-письменный | публицистический | разговорный | до 1990 | 2000-2001 | 2004-2005 | UK | US | CA | ||
old person | senior citizen | 95 | 668 | 75 | 189 | 56 | 414 | 220 | 605 | 100 |
pensioner | 65 | 1982 | 28 | 109 | 594 | 1476 | 1646 | 45 | 41 | |
crippled | physically challenged | 2 | 9 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 14 | 1 | 16 | 1 |
disabled person | 8 | 44 | 2 | 29 | 8 | 42 | 38 | 22 | 6 | |
beggar | panhandler | 8 | 22 | - | 3 | 8 | 21 | 23 | 7 | 2 |
homeless person | 10 | 22 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 35 | 18 | 27 | 2 | |
deaf | hearing-impaired | 5 | 25 | 8 | 11 | 3 | 32 | 7 | 28 | 6 |
hard of hearing | 17 | 47 | 6 | 40 | 14 | 56 | 73 | 29 | 1 | |
poor | working class | 343 | 599 | 134 | 349 | 113 | 369 | 847 | 209 | 21 |
low-income people | 3 | 58 | 5 | 9 | - | 64 | 1 | 59 | 7 | |
poor nation | emerging nation | 1 | 10 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 10 | 9 | 5 | - |
developing nation | 12 | 156 | 168 | 61 | 11 | 311 | 256 | 49 | 19 | |
fat | corpulent | 30 | 21 | 2 | 14 | 24 | 32 | 34 | 31 | - |
rotund | 47 | 46 | 1 | 22 | 39 | 42 | 45 | 38 | 6 | |
dumb | impediment | 98 | 221 | 57 | 73 | 72 | 280 | 115 | 187 | 29 |
poor student | underachiever | 4 | 51 | - | 4 | 7 | 48 | 32 | 16 | - |
underperformer | - | 11 | - | 1 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 2 | - | |
coffin | casket | 160 | 484 | 50 | 63 | 98 | 559 | 126 | 420 | 65 |
process of burial | interment | 34 | 29 | 13 | 14 | 13 | 51 | 50 | 23 | 1 |
mortuary | funeral home | 135 | 155 | 13 | 87 | 48 | 187 | 86 | 198 | 74 |
funeral parlor | 13 | 8 | - | 3 | 14 | 11 | - | 27 | 1 | |
deaths | body count | 9 | 69 | 20 | 21 | 13 | 75 | 22 | 51 | 1 |
to die | go to heaven | 61 | 117 | 4 | 23 | 36 | 81 | 108 | 62 | 13 |
pass away | 211 | 427 | 49 | 95 | 163 | 507 | 381 | 239 | 24 | |
sex | do what comes naturally | 3 | 16 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 12 | 14 | 5 | - |
pregnant | in the family way | 10 | 16 | - | 4 | 2 | 8 | 19 | 6 | 1 |
in a delicate condition | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | - | - | |
sexual relations | liaison | 340 | 787 | 113 | 314 | 275 | 784 | 686 | 357 | 54 |
intimate relationship | 65 | 29 | 3 | 55 | 16 | 37 | 59 | 41 | 2 |