Лекция по "Теории перевода"

free translation (свободный, вольный, перевод)- T, made on a lower level of equivalence, than the one, that could be achieved in the given conditions of a T act.

 

syntactic context (синтаксический контекст) - syntactic structure in which the given word is used in the text.

 

syntactic conformation (literal translation) (синтаксическое уподобление) - method of T, in which the syntactic structure of the O is transformed into an analogous structure of the TL with retaining of all notional words and the order of their sequence in the O and the T.

 

situational model of translation (ситуативная модель перевода) - model of T, presenting the process of T as the process of describing the same situation as in the O with the help of the TL.

 

situational (extra-linguistic) context (ситуативный, экстралингвистический, контекст) - circumstances, time and place, to which the utterance refers as well as facts that the R knows to be able to interpret meanings of language units of the utterance correctly.

 

situation (ситуация) - a totality of ideal and material objects and connection between them, described in the contents of the message.

 

notional dominant (смысловая доминанта) - the most important part of the contents of the O, that must be obligatorily retained in the T, and for the sake of which other elements of the translated message may be sacrificed.

 

abridged translation (сокращенный перевод) - T, in which some parts of the original are omitted for moral, political and other considerations as well as other considerations of practical character.

 

comparative analysis of translation (сопоставительный анализ перевода) - the analysis of form and contents of the text of T in comparison with those of the O.

 

special theory of translation (специальная теория перевода) - a section of linguistic theory of T, studying the peculiarities, characterizing the process of T of various  types of texts and the way speech forms and conditions of its realization influence it.

 

method of describing the situation (способ описания ситуации) - a part of the contents of the message, pointing to the features of the situation, through which it is reflected in the utterance.

 

precise translation (точный перевод) - T, in which only the denotative-logical part of the contents of the O is reproduced equivalently with possible deviations from genre-stylistic norm and usage of the TL.

 

transcription (транскрипция) - way of T of a lexical unit of the O by means of reproduction of its sound form with the help of the TL letters.

 

transliteration (транслитерация) - way of T of a lexical unit of the O by means of reproduction of its graphical  form with the help of the TL letters.

 

transformational-semantic (semantic-transformational) model of translation (трансформационно-семантическая модель перевода) - model of T, that presents the process of T as a series of transformations, with the help of which the Tr passes from the SL units to those of the TL.

 

transformational translation (трансформационный перевод) - T with the use of one of translational transformations.

 

narrow context (micro-context) (узкий контекст, микроконтекст) - linguistic context within one phrase or sentence.

 

level (type) of equivalence (уровень (тип) эквивалентности) - the degree of semantic similarity of the O and the T, determined by the part of the contents of the O, retained in the T.

 

oral translation (устный перевод) - a type of T, where the O and its T function in the process of T in an unfixed (oral) form, which  predetermines a one-time act of perception of segments of the O by the Tr and the impossibility of subsequent  comparison or correction of the T after it is finished.

 

literary translation (художественный перевод)- T of literary works, i.e. texts, the main function of which is artistic-aesthetic influence on the reader.

 

purport of communication (цель коммуникации) - a part of the contents of the text (utterance), indicating to the general speech function of the text in the communication act.

 

particular (bilingual) theory of translation (частная теория перевода) - a section of the linguistic theory of T, studying the linguistic aspects of T from one given language to another given language.

 

draft translation (черновой перевод) - preliminary T, the equivalence of which is confined to rendering at the level of indication to situation of the denotative-logical contents of the O with possible omissions and deviations from the TL norms.

 

partitioning of a sentence (членение предложения) - a way of T, where the syntactic structure of the sentence in the O is transformed into two or more predicative structures in the TL.

 

wide context (macro-context) (широкий контекст, макроконтекст) - a linguistic context outgoing the boundaries of the sentence where a given language unit is used.

 

equivalence of translation (эквивалентность перевода) - equivalence of the contents (semantic similarity) of the O and the T.

 

equivalent translation  (эквивалентный перевод) - T, reproducing the contents of the O at one of the levels of equivalence.

 

explication (descriptive translation) (экспликация, описательный перевод) - lexico-grammatical transformation, where the SL lexical unit is substituted by a phrase, explicating its meaning, i.e. giving a more or less full explanation of this meaning in the TL.

 

stage of translation process (этап переводческого процесса) - a part of the T process, characterized by the translator’s actions of a definite type.

 

lingual mediation (языковое посредничество) - converting in the process of inter-lingual communication the source information into such form as could be perceived by the R, who does not know the SL.