Автор: Пользователь скрыл имя, 30 Мая 2013 в 07:45, реферат
Now more and more companies require reception of the operative information depending on demanded conditions on a certain instant. Thus the information should be received as soon as possible with the minimum expenses of money resources, with maximum metrics of reliability, accuracy and objectivity. Connected with this operations in logistics sphere did not become an exception.
The logistics is an optimal control of the commodity-material streams followed from the supplier to the consumer and linked to them by informational, financial and service streams on the basis of a system approach for the purpose of abbreviation of time and costs in a chain of deliveries of the goods.
The desired composition of the air can be achieved by performing the following activities:
1) The application of technological processes and equipment, excluding the formation of harmful substances. Of great importance is sealing equipment, which contains harmful substances;
2) Protection of sources of thermal radiation;
3) The device heating and ventilation;
4) The use of personal protective equipment.
Table 6 - Microclimate parameters
Period |
Microclimate parameter |
Value |
Cold |
Room temperature |
22…24 °С |
Relative humidity |
40…60 % | |
The velocity of air |
до 0,1 mps | |
Warm |
Room temperature |
23…25 °С |
Relative humidity |
40…60 % | |
The velocity of air |
0,1…0,2 mps |
The objective of ventilation is to provide cleaner air in the given weather conditions. By way of moving air ventilation is natural and mechanical.
The ventilation system should not create noise in the workplace. It must be electric and non-hazardous.
Natural ventilation. Ventilation with natural ventilation is due to the temperature difference between air inside and outside, which causes flow of cold air into the room. With the dried up part of the building creates a low pressure, so that is extract warm air pollution from the premises. On the windward side of the building creates excessive pressure, resulting in the fresh air enters the room. Natural ventilation can be organized and disorganized. Unorganized ventilation is through leaks windows, air vents and special openings. Organized is maintained through natural ventilation and aeration vents.
Air conditioning.
Air-conditioning - automatic maintenance of the premises, regardless
of external conditions of temperature, humidity, cleanliness and air
velocity. Air conditioning is used to create the necessary sanitation
facilities.
Air Conditioning - air handling unit, which with the help of instruments
of auto regulation maintains indoor air quality parameters which are
defined.
Electrostatic
precipitators. Used for air purification from dust and mist.
For medium and fine air filters are used, in which dust-laden air is
passed through a porous filter material. Deposition of solid and fatty
particles on filter elements occurs through contact with the surface
of the particle pores. The mechanism of particle deposition, caused by
the action of inertial forces, gravitational forces, the Brownian diffusion
of gases and the effect of touch. As the filter material fabric, felt,
paper, steel wool, porous ceramics and porous metals are used.
Noise affects the working conditions, providing harmful effect on the human body. The permissible levels of sound pressure, sound level and equivalent sound levels in the workplace must meet the requirements of СНиП II-12-77 "Protection against noise". Table 7 are limiting sound levels depending on the category of severity and intensity of work, are safe for health maintenance and performance.
The noise level in the workplace mathematicians, programmers and operators of video should not exceed 50dB, and in the halls of processing on computers to 65dB.
Table 7 - Maximum sound levels in dB in the workplace
Category of labor intensity |
Category of labor severity | |||
I. Low |
II. Medium |
III. High |
IV. Very high | |
|
80 |
80 |
75 |
75 |
II. Medium stressful |
70 |
70 |
65 |
65 |
|
60 |
60 |
- |
- |
|
50 |
50 |
- |
- |
When light industrial buildings use natural light, artificial, carried out bulbs and combined. Natural light is divided into a lateral (through windows), upper (via aeration lights, ceiling openings), combined.
Artificial light can be of two kinds: general and combined. General lighting is even without taking into account the location of the object and the total localized taking into account the location of jobs. Application of a local lighting inside the building is not allowed. For administrative and storage facilities can be used for general lighting system. By their functional artificial lighting divided: business, emergency, evacuation, safety and rescue.
Requirements for industrial lighting. The main task lighting is to create the best conditions for the review of the object. This problem can be solved by the lighting system that meets the following requirements:
1) The illumination shall conform to the visual work, which is determined by the following parameters:
2) The need to ensure uniform brightness distribution of the working surface, as well as within the surrounding area;
3) In the field of view, there should be no direct or reflected on sparkle. Sparkle - increased brightness of the illuminated surface;
4) The value of illumination should be constant over time. This is achieved using stabilizing devices;
5) To select the optimal orientation of the light flux;
6) Is necessary to choose the spectral composition of light;
7) All the elements of lighting installations, step-down transformers, must be durable, and power-, explosion- and fireproof.
Rationing of artificial lighting. The existing industrial lighting standards are defined as quantitative (minimum light), and qualitative characteristics (glare, ripple depth). Value of the minimum illumination is set by the characteristics of visual work, which define the smallest object size differences, the contrast of the object with the background and characteristics of the background. Distinguish between 8 bit and 4 subclass of work depending on eyestrain.
Normalization of natural light. Natural light is characterized by the fact that the emerging light varies widely, depending on time of year, day, and weather conditions. Therefore, natural lighting can not be defined quantitatively. As a normalized value for natural lighting using daylight factor (RED), which represents the ratio of light at a given point inside the building to the value of outdoor lighting, light produced by a fully open the skies. Normalized values of this coefficient are determined by the table with regard to the nature of visual work, lighting systems, and the area ofthe object. In addition to quantitative indicators KEO use qualitative indicator - the unevenness of natural light.
When you use the computer, around some of its parts creates an electromagnetic field that creates the effect of microwaves, negatively acting on any living organisms. Millimeter waves are absorbed by the surface layers of human skin, centimeter - the skin and the adjacent tissues, UHF - penetrate to a depth of 10 cm. That is, electromagnetic waves can pass right through a person. And it is not so harmless. The electromagnetic field affects human cells and tissues, leading to violations of conditioned reflex activity, reduce brain bioelectrical activity and changes in inter-neuronal connections. Usually this is manifested by headache, fatigue, deteriorating health, hypotension, changes in the conductivity of the heart muscle.
Influencing the person, the electromagnetic field increases the temperature of his body, which leads to the selective heating of tissues and organs. The most vulnerable in this case, the following organs of the human body: the liver, pancreas, bladder, stomach. Their heat can easily exacerbate chronic illnesses (ulcers, bleeding, and perforation).
To improve safety when working at a computer must first of all draw attention to the elaboration of an ergonomic workplace. And buying an ergonomic keyboard can not do. To improve the ergonomics of the workplace must take the following steps.
Position the monitor so that its top spot was right before your eyes, or above, which will keep your head straight, and eliminate the development of cervical degenerative disc disease. The distance from the monitor to eye must be at least 45 cm.
Prevention of respiratory diseases include wet cleaning and airing the room. Nice place near the computer's aquarium, it will increase the humidity, to the same fish calms the nerves.
To mitigate the effects of electromagnetic fields, to reduce air deionization, the violation of air supply balance in a room with a computer air ionizer. Ions beneficial effects on people: improving mental and physical condition, increased disease resistance, reduced the number of bacteria in indoor air is cleared of suspended particulates, attenuated the effect caused by static electricity.
Training, coaching, validation of knowledge workers on occupational health and safety held by the employer at their own expense. The order and timing of training, coaching and testing of knowledge on safety and health of workers shall be determined by state labour body in coordination with other competent government authorities of the respective spheres of activity. Persons recruited to work on a mandatory basis are organized by the employer prior training with the subsequent conduct of mandatory testing of knowledge on health and safety. Employees who have not passed the preliminary training, guidance and validation of knowledge on health and safety, the work is not allowed. Executives and individuals, industrial organizations, responsible for ensuring the health and safety, periodically, at least once every three years, must undergo training and examination for the occupational health and safety training courses in their respective educational institutions.
In conclusion, labor employment rights takes place in a particular work environment, which for non-compliance with hygiene requirements may adversely affect to performance and health.
Conclusion
The effectiveness of the activity of logistic companies is defined by the quality of control systems and essentially influences the operation of chains and networks of deliveries both at the corporate and state levels, determining, as a whole, the state of the economy of the country under the conditions of the active market - the market for user. An example of a technologically developed Western countries shows that the development of logistics activities has been an important catalyst for economic growth of companies improve their competitiveness and an essential precondition for their economic well-being.
For maintenance of effective functioning of the logistical companies it is necessary to use modern management methods, to improve coordination processes in logistical chains, and also to develop and introduce the front lines information
The technologies providing support of all key managerial processes by the logistical company and its integration with partners in process of logistics.
The purpose of this study was to make better transportation, automation of logistics operations in depots associated with the control of the route and time.
According to a research objective of the diploma project following problems have been put and carried out:
- defined the role of the logistical companies in process of logistics;
- defined the role, a place and problems of information systems in logistical activity;
- offered classification of systems of complex automation of management by the companies from logistics positions;
- offered the order of a choice of the most effective way to automate the management of a logistics company based on the analysis of business processes, information systems;
- Developed a demo version of a software application for bus fleets, which enables the following items:
The subject of research is organizational processes in the field of information business management logistics companies in the methodologies of information management in logistics.
The object of the study are the existing systems of resources and commercial potential of logistics companies.
The theoretical basis of research diploma project were the works of local and foreign researchers on the theory and practice of management in logistics and automation of logistics activities.
The main results obtained in the diploma and constitute the scientific novelty of the study include the following:
- The requirements for the structure and functionality of modern logistics information systems allowing for the business organization;
- Developed a procedure for choosing the most effective way to automate the management of a logistics company based on the analysis of business processes, information systems.
Software applications developed in this project can be applied to the transport companies to improve resource efficiency and reduce costs.
Practical value of results of work consists in opening possibility of practical use of methods and recommendations about development of information systems in logistics. Usage of the developed principles, classifications, and techniques will promote increase of efficiency of control systems in the logistical companies.
Bibliography
Appendix A
User Interface Design
The main window
Route of bus number 105
Drop-down list for choosing a route
Dispatcher’s window
Appendix B
Codes of programm
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" />
<style type="text/css">
html { height: 100% }
body { height: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px }
#map_canvas { height: 100% }
</style>
<script type="text/javascript"
src="https://maps.google.com/
<script type="text/javascript">
var map;
var marker = new Array();
var counter = new Array();
counter[0] = 0;
counter[1] = 0;
var route1 = new Array();
var route2 = new Array();
var pause = 2000;
var lat = new Array();
var lng = new Array();
var go = false;
var marshrut=new Array (
new Array (43.27004235874931, 76.9448305426331, 43.267729962600654, 76.94500220401005, 0.00010,5000, 0, 0,43.26419870168524, 76.94543135745243, 0.00010,5000, 0, 0,43.26016718881531, 76.94598925692753, 0.00010,5000, 0, 0,43.25572909078159, 76.94650424105839, 0.00010,5000, 0, 0,43.24844615865364, 76.9474054632874, 0.00010, 43.24235033142816, 76.9483066855164, 0.00010, 43.241975183674825, 76.94238436801152, 0.00010, 43.24147498307702, 76.93380129916386, 0.00010, 5000, 0, 0,43.24084972655469, 76.92740691287236, 0.00010, 43.23875507045111, 76.92775023562626, 0.00010, 43.237004257863056, 76.92783606631474, 0.00010, 43.235847443374816, 76.92830813510136, 0.00010, 43.23394021478361, 76.93066847903447, 0.00010, 5000, 0, 0,43.23184532115129, 76.93358672244267, 0.00010, 5000, 0, 0,43.23112616195815, 76.93435919863896, 0.00010, 43.22931259239837, 76.93191302401738, 0.00010, 5000, 0, 0, 43.22665467744846, 76.92792189700322, 0.00010, 5000, 0, 0,43.22668594770985, 76.92290080172734, 0.00010, 5000, 0, 0,43.22627943306066, 76.91470397097783, 0.00010, 5000, 0, 0,43.225591479016884, 76.90354598147587, 0.00010, 10000, 0, 0),
new Array (43.25377560004194, 76.94162262065129, 0.000002,5000, 0, 0,43.2528740429324, 76.94174063784794, 0.000002,43.253117259545235, 76.94517520649151, 0.000008,43.25489300441574, 76.9449753819199, 0.000005,43.254623422719604, 76.94150460345463, 0.000010),
new Array (43.25377560004194, 76.94162262065129, 0.000002,5000, 0, 0,43.2528740429324, 76.94174063784794, 0.000002,43.253117259545235, 76.94517520649151, 0.000008,43.25489300441574, 76.9449753819199, 0.000005,43.254623422719604, 76.94150460345463, 0.000010)
);
var marshrut2=new Array (
new Array (43.27004235874931, 76.9448305426331, 43.267729962600654, 76.94500220401005, 0.00007,5000, 0, 0,43.26419870168524, 76.94543135745243, 0.00005,5000, 0, 0,43.26016718881531, 76.94598925692753, 0.00012,5000, 0, 0,43.25572909078159, 76.94650424105839, 0.00010,5000, 0, 0,43.24844615865364, 76.9474054632874, 0.00010, 43.24235033142816, 76.9483066855164, 0.00010, 43.241975183674825, 76.94238436801152, 0.00012, 43.24147498307702, 76.93380129916386, 0.00010, 5000, 0, 0,43.24084972655469, 76.92740691287236, 0.00005, 43.23875507045111, 76.92775023562626, 0.00010, 43.237004257863056, 76.92783606631474, 0.00012, 43.235847443374816, 76.92830813510136, 0.00010, 43.23394021478361, 76.93066847903447, 0.00010, 5000, 0, 0,43.23184532115129, 76.93358672244267, 0.00010, 5000, 0, 0,43.23112616195815, 76.93435919863896, 0.00010, 43.22931259239837, 76.93191302401738, 0.00010, 5000, 0, 0, 43.22665467744846, 76.92792189700322, 0.00010, 5000, 0, 0,43.22668594770985, 76.92290080172734, 0.00010, 5000, 0, 0,43.22627943306066, 76.91470397097783, 0.00010, 5000, 0, 0,43.225591479016884, 76.90354598147587, 0.00010, 10000, 0, 0),
new Array (43.25377560004194, 76.94162262065129, 0.000002,5000, 0, 0,43.2528740429324, 76.94174063784794, 0.000002,43.253117259545235, 76.94517520649151, 0.000008,43.25489300441574, 76.9449753819199, 0.000005,43.254623422719604, 76.94150460345463, 0.000010),
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