Development of software application for logistics manager

Interaction diagrams. Interaction diagrams, a subset of behaviour diagrams, emphasize the flow of control and data among the things in the modeling system:

• Communication diagram: shows the interactions between objects or parts in terms of sequenced messages.
• Interaction overview diagram: are types of activity diagram in which the nodes represent interaction diagrams.
• Sequence diagram: shows how objects communicate with each other in terms of a sequence of messages.
• Timing diagrams: are a specific type of interaction diagram, where the focus is on timing constraints.

In the module “Log of demand” manager of logistics carries out following functions (Fig.5 ):

Figure 5. Use case diagram

• Creation and management of the demand;
• Review of the demand history
• Demand search
• Review of the personal accounts reference

Function «Creation and management of the demand» is the most general, expanded problem in relation to another. To carry out all other operations, first of all, it is necessary to create the demand and to work it. The simple scheme of work with the demand in case of its successful end looks thus:

Figure 6. Activity diagram

In figure 7 the sequence diagram for successful working off of the demand is presented.

Figure7. Sequence diagram for successful demand working off.

But it is the simplified scheme which is developed to understand process of work with the demand.

Actually operations with the demand are supposed some more, the work scheme is presented by the diagram of demands management (Fig. 8). Using the diagram of demands management it is possible to track easily, what new actions can be carried out after this or that operation. For example, after demand creation following actions are possible: sorting on a route, carrying over by date, updating of requisites, refusal of the demand. sort by buses, the transfer of routing updates by date and time, the rejection of a particular route or bus. After each of these operations the demand status varies and other operations or the same according to the status are possible.

Figure 8. State diagram

Any enterprise, carrying out the activity, for reception of production from suppliers should conclude with the last the contract on production delivery. Usually on production with the same name the enterprise-customer concludes some contracts with the enterprises-suppliers. Then the customer in process of requirement for certain production sends to the supplier the demand for delivery of production and receives from the last the invoice in which the name of production and its cost price is specified. On the basis of these accounts the enterprise-customer defines the optimum demand and sends to the supplier the order for production delivery. After reception of ordered production the customer sends the account in accounts department which pays it in bank in a current of the term provided by the contract.

The sequence diagram of this task:

Figure 9.Sequence diagram.

2.3. Physical design of the program application

2.3.1 JavaScript

Javascript is one of the most simple, versatile and effective languages used to extend functionality in websites. Uses range from on screen visual effects to processing and calculating data on web pages with ease as well as extended functionality to websites using third party scripts among several other handy features, however it also possesses some negative effects that might make you want to think twice before implementing Javascript on your website.

JavaScript may be considered a derivative of the programming language Java. But while both are tools for providing interactivty into web pages, they are as different as bananas and papayas.

Java is a complex programming environment where you create packaged ("compiled") software applications that you can insert into a web page. The learning curve for Java is monumental at best (despite claims of the expanding number of software tools). On the other hand, JavaScript offers a simpler set of programming instructions that you can enter directly among the HTML formatting of your web pages, and code that can be easily accessed and modified.

Before JavaScript, to create interactive forms (web pages with fields, buttons, and menus) you needed to write computer programs ("CGI" scripts) that resided on and ran from a web server. But with JavaScript, you can perform many form tasks without connecting to a web server. In the jargon, we are processing on the "client-side".

Even better, JavaScript allows you to create content that is dynamic, so that the code inside one web page can produce many different types of displays and features depending on the viewer's actions, including the images that change when you move the mouse over a graphic.

We should note that while JavaScript is much simpler than Java, it is quite a step up from formatting HTML. It might scare you off when you see what JavaScript code looks like! The scripts we will show you are clearly documented, and we will tell you exactly how to alter the contents of the JavaScript code.

JavaScript combined with the absolute screen positioning available in web browsers that support HTML 4.0 provide what is known as Dynamic HTML, or DHTML

Advantages of JavaScript:

• Javascript is executed on the client side 
  This means that the code is executed on the user's processor instead of the web server thus saving bandwidth and strain on the web server.
• Javascript is a relatively easy language 
  The Javascript language is relatively easy to learn and comprises of syntax that is close to English. It uses the DOM model that provides plenty of prewritten functionality to the various objects on pages making it a breeze to develop a script to solve a custom purpose.
• Javascript is relatively fast to the end user 
  As the code is executed on the user's computer, results and processing is completed almost instantly depending on the task (tasks in javascript on web pages are usually simple so as to prevent being a memory hog) as it does not need to be processed in the site's web server and sent back to the user consuming local as well as server bandwidth. 
• Extended functionality to web pages 
  Third party add-ons like Greasemonkey enable Javascript developers to write snippets of Javascript which can execute on desired web pages to extend its functionality. If you use a website and require a certain feature to be included, you can write it yourself and use an add-on like Greasemonkey to implement it on the web page. 

2.3.2 CSS

CSS was first developed in 1997, as a way for Web developers to define the look and feel of their Web pages. It was intended to allow developers to separate content from design so that HTML could perform more of the function that it was originally based on - the markup of content, without worry about the design and layout.

CSS didn't gain in popularity until around 2000, when Web browsers began using more than the basic font and color aspects of CSS. And now, all modern browsers support all of CSS Level 1, most of CSS Level 2, and some aspects of CSS Level 3.

Web Designers that don't use CSS for their design and development of Web sites are rapidly becoming a thing of the past. And it is arguably as important to understand CSS as it is to know HTML - and some would say it was more important to know CSS.

CSS is an Abbreviation

It stands for Cascading Style Sheet.

Style sheet refers to the document itself. Style sheets have been used for document design for years. They are the technical specifications for a layout, whether print or online. Print designers use style sheets to insure that their designs are printed exactly to specifications. A style sheet for a Web page serves the same purpose, but with the added functionality of also telling the viewing engine (the Web browser) how to render the document being viewed.

Cascade is the special part. A Web style sheet is intended to cascade through a series of style sheets, like a river over a waterfall. The water in the river hits all the rocks in the waterfall, but only the ones at the bottom affect exactly where the water will flow. The same is true of the cascade in Web style sheets.

Every Web page is affected by at least one style sheet, even if the Web designer doesn't apply any styles. This style sheet is the user agent style sheet - the default styles that the Web browser will use to display a page if no other instructions are provided. But if the designer provides other instructions, the browser needs to know which instructions have precedence.

For example, in my Web browser, the default font is "Times New Roman" size 16. But nearly no pages I visit display in that font family and size. This is because the cascade defines the second style sheets set by the designers to redefine the font size and family and override my Web browser's defaults.

CSS is used to style Web pages. But there is more to it than that. CSS is used to style XHTML and XML markup. This means that anywhere you have XML markup (including XHTML) you can use CSS to define how it will look.

CSS is also used to define how Web pages should look when viewed in other media than a Web browser. For example, you can create a print style sheet that will define how the Web page should print out and another style sheet to display the Web page on a projector for a slide show.

CSS is one of the most powerful tools a Web designer can learn because with it you can affect the entire mood and tone of a Web site. Well written style sheets can be updated quickly and allow sites to change what is prioritized or valued without any changes to the underlying XHTML.

The challenge of CSS is that there is so much to learn. But it doesn't seem like it. After all, there are only around 60 properties in CSS Level 1 and around 70 in CSS Level 2. Compared with the number of HTML tags and attributes to learn, that can feel like a cake walk.

But because CSS can cascade, and combine and browsers interpret the directives differently, CSS is more difficult than plain HTML. But once you start using it, you'll see that harnessing the power of CSS will give you more options and allow you to do more and more things with your Web sites.

2.3.3 HTML

HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the main markup language for web pages. HTML elements are the basic building-blocks of webpages.

HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle brackets (like <html>), within the web page content. HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like <h1> and </h1>, although some tags, known as empty elements, are unpaired, for example <img>. The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag (they are also called opening tags and closing tags). In between these tags web designers can add text, tags, comments and other types of text-based content.

The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and compose them into visible or audible web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page.

HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites. HTML allows images and objects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms. It provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. It can embed scripts in languages such as JavaScript which affect the behavior of HTML webpages.

Web browsers can also refer to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) to define the appearance and layout of text and other material. The W3C, maintainer of both the HTML and the CSS standards, encourages the use of CSS over explicitly presentational HTML markup.

The first publicly available description of HTML was a document called "HTML Tags", first mentioned on the Internet by Berners-Lee in late 1991. It describes 18 elements comprising the initial, relatively simple design of HTML. Except for the hyperlink tag, these were strongly influenced by SGMLguid, an in-house SGML based documentation format at CERN. Eleven of these elements still exist in HTML 4.

Hypertext markup language is a markup language that web browsers use to interpret and compose text, images and other material into visual or audible web pages. Default characteristics for every item of HTML markup are defined in the browser, and these characteristics can be altered or enhanced by the web page designer's additional use of CSS. Many of the text elements are found in the 1988 ISO technical report TR 9537 Techniques for using SGML, which in turn covers the features of early text formatting languages such as that used by the RUNOFF command developed in the early 1960s for the CTSS (Compatible Time-Sharing System) operating system: these formatting commands were derived from the commands used by typesetters to manually format documents. However, the SGML concept of generalized markup is based on elements (nested annotated ranges with attributes) rather than merely print effects, with also the separation of structure and processing; HTML has been progressively moved in this direction with CSS.

Berners-Lee considered HTML to be an application of SGML. It was formally defined as such by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) with the mid-1993 publication of the first proposal for an HTML specification: "Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)" Internet-Draft by Berners-Lee and Dan Connolly, which included an SGML Document Type Definition to define the grammar.[8] The draft expired after six months, but was notable for its acknowledgement of the NCSA Mosaic browser's custom tag for embedding in-line images, reflecting the IETF's philosophy of basing standards on successful prototypes.[9] Similarly, Dave Raggett's competing Internet-Draft, "HTML+ (Hypertext Markup Format)", from late 1993, suggested standardizing already-implemented features like tables and fill-out forms.[10]

After the HTML and HTML+ drafts expired in early 1994, the IETF created an HTML Working Group, which in 1995 completed "HTML 2.0", the first HTML specification intended to be treated as a standard against which future implementations should be based.[9] Published as Request for Comments 1866, HTML 2.0 included ideas from the HTML and HTML+ drafts.[11] The 2.0 designation was intended to distinguish the new edition from previous drafts.[12]

Further development under the auspices of the IETF was stalled by competing interests. Since 1996, the HTML specifications have been maintained, with input from commercial software vendors, by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).[13] However, in 2000, HTML also became an international standard (ISO/IEC 15445:2000). HTML 4.01 was published in late 1999, with further errata published through 2001. In 2004 development began on HTML5 in the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG), which became a joint deliverable with the W3C in 2008.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.Technological Section

This part describes the demo version of a software application, as the thesis is one part of a larger project that is currently in development. It also describes the development of application software and its use.

The main advantages of the program, that it is possible to see movement in real time. Works in Online mode, so users have accurate information. The main type of interface is shown on figure 10:

Figure 10. The passage of buses along the route.

As mentioned in the first part of software application designed for three types of users.

The greatest privileges are of administrators. They are the system administrators of the company. To add a new route in the program must know specify all the coordinates of the corners of stops and turns. In the program, as shown on figure 11, using the right mouse button you can find the coordinates of a point.

Figure 11. The coordinates of points on the map

  - where the first digit is the longitude and the second width of the coordinates. So the administrator can see all the coordinates needed to add a new route. And all the coordinates are stored in arrays. Since the program is written in JavaScript, for easy implementation of software applications using arrays. An array is a set of values ​​identified by the index. Usually, the array is allocated contiguous chunk of memory of a given length. In JavaScript, this is not true. Arrays in JavaScript is a simple object with a unique designer and an additional set of properties and methods inherited from Array.prototype. Because of this performance will be slightly worse, but this is offset by ease of use and powerful set of tools. In contrast to the array in other programming languages, JavaScript arrays are very easy to use. The array can contain any object or an elementary type. Several types of data can simultaneously be in the same array. Javascript supports two types of structure "array":

• An associative array (hash), where data is stored in an arbitrary key.
• Numeric array Array, where data is stored by number.

Javascript - a very flexible language, so technically in Array can store arbitrary keys as in Object.

Advantages of the use of arrays that you can specify the length of the array during its creation. But since JavaScript does not require pre-allocate memory for arrays and their length can be changed at any time, it is debatable advantage. The array can contain any object or an elementary type. Several types of data can simultaneously be in the same array.

  The unique properties of the array: The most important property of the array - length. In other words, it is calculated as: (a numerical value of the last index) 1. Arrays are not bounded above in length. You can add an element whose index is greater than (length - 1) and the length property is changed according to the definition above. So no matter how much we did not specify the coordinates in the program, we will still succeed in adding a new route.

There is also a managers who watch over the correct passage of the bus route. They sit at their computers and can see any bus which is currently at work. Since the program is written in JavaScript, for easy implementation of application software using the drop-down lists, how you can see on the figure 12.

Figure 12. The maps of bus route

 

And drivers can only see their own individual screen, as shown on figure 13.

Figure 13. Drivers window

On the of the program are two buses, as shown in figure 14:

- green bus that moves on a programmed route and time. This bus is the simulation, which shows the bus driver how to drive, and with it the driver can focus on time and on the road. There's also a red bus as shown in figure 15:

- this sign shows the location of the bus with the help of a real bus JPS navigator. Also on the program of the whole picture can be seen in satellite mode, more simulation are given in Appendix A.

More graphical interface window design shown  on Appendix A.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4. Economical analysis

Experience shows that because of the irrational planned routes and lack of control the location of transport companies transport costs are increased by 20-40%. Inefficient logistics management results in excessive mileage and fuel consumption, less than optimal use of fleet vehicles and simplenon-compliance with the conditions of transport drivers.

Table 1 – Input data

№ п\п	Indicator	Symbols	The value of the indicator
			Passenger transport
1	Mark PS	-
2	The average number of cars, ed.	Asp	116
3	First Class	lcр1 lcр2 lcр3 lcр4
4	Second-class	lеp	6,99
5	Third-class	tenge	9,00
6	Fourth-class	αb	0,66
7	The average length of haul, thousands of miles	β	0,48
8	Graduation rate of cars on the line	YQ1 YQ2 YQ3 YQ4
9	Ratio of run	Yn	0,56
10	The distribution volume of cargo in a Class-X% of the total traffic	ηcm	2,93
11	First Class	VI	22,54