Analysis of state and characteristics of wine tourism in Crimea, the definition of development opportunities

     The First educational establishments of Winegrowing and winemaking.

     The successful development of viticulture and winemaking needs skilled personnel. In 1804 in Sudak opened government-sponsored schools of winemaking. The choice of location made ​​academician PS Pallas and he was also entrusted High School and observation attributed to him State-owned vineyards and orchards. In 1810, surveillance of college was entrusted to Count Mikhail Vorontsov. By this time the school was in great decline. The first director Nikita garden X. X. Steven, the audited school in 1813, wrote in reports that it drags out a miserable existence. In 1828, by order of the Vorontsov Sudak School was closed and its functions transferred to the garden Nikita and orderly with him, "Magarach institution."

     The history of viticulture and winemaking in the southern coast of Crimea is connected to the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens. First, Steven had a negative attitude to ensure that the garden worked on viticulture and winemaking. In terms of the garden, he wrote that the grapes do not really belong to this institution. However, in order not to exclude completely such a useful part of horticulture, then all sorts of grapes will be diluted by a few vines, but good rock so much, that and a little wine could be made. This will serve to compare the soil and climate in Sudak, Nikita, and to determine which breeds in each of these places are more profitable.

     The first 57 buckets of wine were prepared in Nikitsky garden in 1819; however, Steven believed that the area of Sudak more suitable place for the development of grape culture in the Crimea than the South Coast and viticulture in Nikitsky garden he left purely research purposes. Later, the governor of Novorossiysk Vorontsov gave instructions to identify the tract Magarach on the ground, once in regards to the Greek village, the site of 6 hectares, where it was dug Plantage 0.5 hectares for the cultivation of exemplary treasury vineyard. In the spring of 1829 on the territory of present-day development and production facilities of the Institute "Magarach" were planted first 4000 vines. In 1828 began the construction of outbuildings in Magarach, in 1833 - 1835 built wine cellar winery, which lasted until the seventies and was completely destroyed by landslides. A new cellar was built in 1851 since 1849, became operational four-year college Magarach winemaking. For applicants has been established educational qualification - required knowledge of letters.

     Magarach School lasted 20 years and in 1868 was closed. Instead horticulture school opened Nikitskoye and winemaking. The course was designed for 8 years. Nikitintsy create distinctive wines, improved technology have made new and progressive. Significantly, many of nikitintsev remained as assistant winemakers at low pay to be able to improve in their knowledge, it is better to work out the technical skills and techniques.

     The success of the graduates of the school and their enthusiasm for the work are explained the love of his profession, which imparted inmates talented teachers. Nikitintsy worked in almost every wine-producing farm in the Crimea and southern Russia. Thus was born the link "Magarach" with "Massandra". Magarach On the forties, the XIX century Magarach revealed the true purpose of the Southern coast of Crimea in the preparation of fortified and dessert wines from grapes vysokosaharistogo. Prepared without the addition of alcohol, these wines walked very slowly, very expensive and had low sales.

     Over the centuries humanity has accumulated rich experience in vineyard cultivation, development of a variety of wines and their use as a delicious and original food. High-quality wine, enjoying many flavors and sensations can cause a person a sense of the sublime, such as those which cause all the works of art - creations of human genius.

     Modern industrial winemaking began in the Crimea in the XIX century. Over the years it has experienced periods of prosperity and when the Crimean wines repeatedly took first places in international competitions, and periods of decline as in the days after the anti-alcoholic decree in 1985, the aforementioned bad word. However, the Crimean winemaking tradition proved stronger than the evil decrees, and we continue to rejoice at the magnificent Crimean wines and flavored brandies.

     2.2. Vineyards of the Crimea.

     In the Crimea, in almost all regions, there are wineries with its specialization. That is the largest and most famous of them.

     Grape and Wine Research Institute "Magarach"

     In the Crimea, in almost all regions, there are wineries with its specialization. That is the largest and most famous of them.

     Magarach - an outskirt of Yalta, whose name is entered in the name of the Institute of Grape and Wine "Magarach". Institute building is seen against the backdrop of the mountains above the road at the entrance to Yalta. Now it is the oldest, regretted world famous research institute that conducts research on viticulture and winemaking. For reference, if the world's best known about 4 thousand varieties of grape culture, the collection "Magarach" consist of 3.2 thousand. Here are developing techniques and technology of growing grapes, techniques to improve productivity and control pests and diseases, as well as technology, wine and juices, give life to new varieties of grapes and new wines.

     The Institute has several experimental farms located throughout the Crimea, which are a kind of laboratory for the study and breeding of rare and breeding of new varieties. As an example of one of these households consider the experimental farm Foothill, located in the village of Vilinov, Bakhchisarai region of the Crimea. Foothill farm has 520 ha experimental area, rare species are sometimes represented 10.5 bushes, because of which come here from afar for research and, of course, for student practice. However, seedlings of rare varieties from the local nursery sold to the public. Remarkably is rich wine collection (Enoteca) economy. For sale for serious cash are wines with an exposure of 2 to 5 years, well such as Malaga Semillon 1924 - now only for the auction.

      Unfortunately, the institute "Magarach", who in the recent past, the leading scientific center of wine, is now in an extremely difficult economic situation. While state-funded (and they should be called the lack of funding at all), the Institute is unable, at present, to buy any equipment, materials, and new varieties of grapes to fully research and development. Everything rests on a small number of winemakers capacity "system guard", by which institution and exist at all. The second big problem is the institution that takes this complex situation, the "Magarach" trying by hook or by crook to take away the land of vineyards on the southern coast of Crimea. The overall situation of the Institute rather critical and it is very sad. I'd like to hope that in future the situation will change for the better.

     In "Magarach" created a kind of treasure - enoteca. It has a bottle that has passed for 150-200 years.

     However, "Magarach" - is not only the "brains" of wine, but also production luxury products.

     The best way to see all products at one place are public tastiness, practiced by the Institute. Its visitors not only learn the taste of local wines, but also get unique information about the history and culture of wine consumption in general, from the legends associated with it, to how to properly hold a wine glass.

     LOD "Massandra"

     Association "Muscat" - a large head winery situated in the town of Muscat near Yalta, and nine farms, factories, "Livadia", "Gurzuf", "Tauris", "Alushta", "Malorechenskoye", "Privetnoye", "Marine" "Veselovsky," "Pike" - 4,000 acres of vineyards.

     The basis of the production of wine "Muscat" is aging. Activities are carried out at main plant "Massandra" The main cellar which was built by Leo Golitsyn from 1894 to 1897.

     "Massandra" is specializes in producing dry and semisweet table wine, fortified spirits, dessert wines and liquor. Wines "Massandra" in international competitions were awarded six trophies "Super Grand Prix", ten of cups, "Grand Prix" and 225 gold and silver medals. More awards for its wines have neither a wine company.

     Factory of vintage wines and cognacs "Koktebel"

     At 36 km from Sudak is one of the most famous factories in the Crimea wines and cognacs "Koktebel". The company's products are well known and popular not only in the Crimea, but also abroad. Numerous awards, which each year are Koktebel wines speak for themselves. Excursion to the plant may be one of the most vivid impressions of travel in the eastern Crimea.

     Factory of vintage wines "Koktebel" has several tasting rooms and brand-name stores, trade in the Crimea delivered well. Relatively recently separated from the plant association "Muscat", the local sites have very ancient tradition of winemaking, and the conditions allow and engage in dry and sweet wines.

     In Otuzskowoy valley, on the sunny slopes of the "blue mountains" anciently cultivated vines.

     In 1959 he began construction of the grand wine cellars and winery (on a hillside near the village of Planerskoe). According to the size and complexity of the complex, known as the Second Plant (First - Massandra) was not equal in the Crimea. Lower wine storage - is eight crashed into a mountain tunnel, connected by a 90-meter gallery. Each tunnel is 60 meters, width - 8, 4 m, height - 7.6 meters. The top wine storage consists of five of the same tunnel, but their length - from 120 to 360 meters. The total length of tunnels, basements - 1440 meters. Unique work performed by workers who were building the Moscow subway.

     Now Koktebel winemakers produce wonderful, dry, firm and sweet wines, cognac spirits and vintage brandies on traditional technology. Thanks to the varietal composition of grapes, a unique soil and climate conditions in the area, there are released original wines and brandies.

     "Fountain" wine factory. Bakhchisarai.

     "Fountain" wine factory specializes on the production of ordinary table, fortified, dessert and sparkling wines. Quality and variety of wines of this company are popular among consumers, especially the sparkling "Bakhchisarai fountain."

     "Ampelos" wine company.  Evpatoria.

     "Ampelos" specializes in the production of table and dessert wines. Especially good light table wines of the company, the award-winning various competitions.

     AP "Dionysus", Simferopol.

     AP "Dionysus" specializes in the production of vintage and ordinary fortified and dessert wines. Sherries are good that the company - "Crimea" and dry, award-winning international competitions, and kahors wine and port wines very popular with consumers.

     The wine factory. Simferopol. 

     Winery specializes in the production of cognac. The company's products have high quality cognac and vintage "Ai-Petri Mountain" is not just an award-winning competitions.

     Almost every company has its own tasting rooms where you can not only taste the wines and brandies, which is a first-hand (some brands can enjoy only here), but also learn a lot of interesting and useful information about them. In each resort town of any tour companies or tour organizers on the seafront offer to visit Wine Tasting Rooms.

     2.3. Market trends of wine.

     According to the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OVI), global wine consumption is falling. However, domestic companies predict that the wine production in Ukraine for 2014 may increase by 110%.

     Addition № 2  «Dynamics of supplies to Ukraine 2005-2011».

     Wine market analysis of over the period 2005-2010. Review (monitoring) of the wine market is held on a monthly basis to determine the major trends, dynamics, and market size. Market research reveals the fault channels (distribution network) promoting goods and the competitive environment. Monthly analysis of the wine market determines the dominant financial and economic indicators and basic consumer preference for existing brands (brands). Also, extensive analysis of the wine market shows the range and characteristics of the product represented in this segment.

     In the 1st quarter of 2011 relative to Q4 2010 dynamics of the main indicators of the wine market of Ukraine, was characterized by a tendency to decrease. Thus, the production volume decreased by 24%, export - by 23% and the rate of reduction in imports of wine during this period was 29%.

     Compared to the same period in 2010 Q1 2011 imports of wine to Ukraine increased almost 3-fold. At the same time the production volume decreased by 29% and the rate of decline in exports reached 48%.

     Market analysis of wine Ukraine for 2006-2010 is an increase in imports of the product into the territory of Ukraine in the natural units of measurement, which took place in the first two years of the study period. Thus, the maximum growth rate of imports of wine there in 2006 relative to 2005 (2, 7 times). In 2007 compared with 2006, imports of wine increased by 24%. In the second half of the period studied the dynamics of index gained the opposite direction. In 2008 to 2007 imports of wine fell by 43%, and in 2009 compared with 2008 decrease in imports of the product was 47%. In 2010, a significant increase in this indicator, is the rate of which has almost reached 100%.

     Exports of wine from Ukraine in the natural units of measurement in the first half of the study period decreased. Thus, the rate of decline in exports in 2006 relative to 2005 was 6%, and in 2007, compared with 2006, reaching 14%. In 2008, exports of wine increased in relation to 2007 by 14%, and in 2009 the growth of this index reached a 4-fold relative to 2008 in 2010 relative to 2009 this figure remained virtually unchanged.

     Dynamics of production of wine in the territory of Ukraine in the natural units for the period of analysis was characterized by a positive trend. With maximum growth observed in 2006 relative to 2005 (29%), while the minimum - in 2007 relative to 2006 (0.4%). In 2008 and 2009 compared to with previous periods increased production of wine was 18% and 8% respectively. In 2010, the rate of growth of the indicator relative to 2009 was 25%.

     In 2009 in relation to 2008 the consumption wine by Ukrainians in the natural measurement units decreased by 16.5%. However, in 2010 there has been significant growth in this indicator, the rate of which reached 38%.

     Moldova and Georgia are the main suppliers of wine on the territory of Ukraine. A small market share is distributed between France, Chile, Italy and other countries.

     Surprisingly, the Ukraine, collecting about 300-350 tons of grapes per year produces about 16.5 million deciliters of wine. That is, products produced much more than raw materials are grown, and this fact makes consumers wary to the quality of domestic wines.

     Spread rumors that 80% of all Ukrainian wine - it's a fake. Some experts argue that the causes of the dominance of a few counterfeit, but the lack of basic raw materials. The total area of ​​grape land in Ukraine is about 90 thousand hectares. A small amount of high quality raw materials, as well as the desire of manufacturers striving to maximize the cost-cutting led to the fact that Ukraine has a large share of wine (60%) is made from grape marc. This problem is particularly true for those businesses that are characterized by the production of fortified beverages.

     In addition, recently there is increasing talk of a "powder wines." Winemakers say "Powder wine - a new era of Ukrainian wine-making." Today this wine is too expensive, and 80% of Ukrainian manufacturers use unnatural ingredients. Natural wine can be cheaper than 20 hruvnias. But for consumers it is associated c fraud.

      A new association, "National Bureau of grapes and wine," which united several Ukrainian wine makers argues that 10 years (until 2020) they intend to increase wine consumption in Ukraine 5 times and increase the consumption of wine is the domestic producer.

      The program is planned to increase several times, and manufacturing. Such a strong increase in production will be achieved through the expansion of areas under vines. Today, the country's vineyards occupy 90 hectares, and by 2020 their area to be increased to 200 thousand hectares.

      The wine market Ukraine is quite promising for Ukrainian producers. The main task of local wineries is to enhance the development of marketing programs in order to maintain market share, and preserve and strengthen the loyalty of existing customers. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

     3. Methods of research.

     For effective and qualitative performance goals and objectives of the work I used two methods of data collection: primer and sikunder.

     Example of research methods used is as follows:

     Quantitative research - allows mathematical and statistical indicators of trends in the distribution of the studied traits. These techniques allow the research to get answers to questions of "who" and "how? » This method will help me to answer the question: "Which populations wine tourism use most in demand? » "What is the amount of wine consumed Crimean’s and what wine is a market leader? »

     Expert survey (questionnaire) - an intensive and detailed interviews, the interviewer asks in which the respondents. This method will help me to explore the expectations of tourists wine tourism? Also for the overall results will be completed questionnaires (Appendix № 1). The study used: the method of abstraction, system-structural analysis, methods of clustering analysis. At this stage is the assessment of the potential of wine tourism. In determining it covers economic, environmental and social aspects. Some of them belong to the territory of the tourist attractions, another - the factors that influence the development of wine tourism in the region. We consider the resource, infrastructure, image and social and political components of the potential of wine tourism. Social, studies, economic and informational resources are the part of the natural resources. The major components of the wine tourism product are: 

      -Tourist attractions, area (habitat, landmarks, architectural objects, planting vineyards, wineries, festivals and exhibitions, tasting and wine roads, etc.)

  - Infrastructure area (lodging facilities, gastronomic facilities, transportation, retail chain)

     - Access to the area (number of transport and transport infrastructure)

     - The image area (there is in the minds of customers and significantly affects the subconscious desire to visit this particular area)

     - The price, which depends on the standard of service, time of year, transport and so on. 

     Demand for services in the absence of reliable statistical information determined by an expert on the basis of the calculated data.

     To write a research paper I have also used secondary research methods: a collection of information through various instruments of wine tourism enterprises (travel agencies, Grape and Wine Research Institute "Magarach", etc.), records and documents of the state statistics, the statistics of the main department of state administration, scientific journals, magazines, newspapers, articles, websites and books by famous scholars. Of methodological base of the study were the works of local and foreign scientists: V.F. Kifyaka, E.I. Bogdanov, I.V. Zorina, O.O. Beydyka, R. Braymera, E.V. Kolotova etc.

     At this stage of the study is appropriate to conduct the SWOT-analysis as a specific method sikunder study. This analysis method of socio-economic situation is ground and finding the key areas of management of rural tourism.

     Acronym SWOT means:

     • S - strengths