Tourism product

      Headlining tour gives tourists more freedom in choosing the timing, duration of travel and a set of desired services, while allowing you to reduce the price of travel through the purchase of services in aggregate.

      For an organization of independent tour operator - rather time-consuming matter, as search and order all the tickets, seats, etc., should be done directly with airlines, hotels, car rental companies and excursions. 

      Tour escorted characterized the preliminary rigid planning, booking and payment of airfare, hotels, transportation of things, ground transportation and meals. All this happens in a professional guide who is with the tourists 24 hours a day; solve all the problems appearing on the site. Typically, these tours are carried out for groups of tourists and tour operators are extensively advertised - a firm that organizes and conducts tours.

     If a client asks him to organize a trip to Paris, the first thing that offers a tour operator - tour package. Then the tour operator is interested in whether there is a still some mandatory service that the customer would like to be in Paris during his visit. Client requests that the mandatory program: guided tour of Paris “Pari-vizvon”; trip to Versailles, with lunch; visit the night show "Lido" and "Moulin Rouge" with dinner, a tour of the Eiffel Tower with lunch, visiting the Louvre and dinner in one restaurant City, a cruise on the Seine with dinner on the boat. These are the conditions that tour operators must comply with mandatory. These mandatory conditions in tourism are usually called complex services on the route.

     Mandatory program - the tour package and range of services on the route tour, tour operator made into a tourist voucher or a voucher - a document that guaranteed all mandatory for the firm and client services.

     Goods - specific material part of the tourist product, which includes tourism plans and city maps, postcards, brochures, souvenirs, camping equipment, etc., and non-specific part of the tourist product, which includes a large number of goods that are scarce or more expensive in places of permanent tourists.

     For more tourist and excursion services - services do not covered by the voucher or vouchers, brought to the consumer in the mode of his free choice. Additional services not included in the basic cost of the permit. They include: rent, telephone, domestic services, mail, exchange, extra food, public transportation, rent-car, keeping things fun, reservation of seats, commercial TV, videos, purchase tickets, mini-bar, and so on. These services are purchased by tourists for an extra fee.

     Tourist product is a combination of physical (goods) and non-physical (services) of consumer qualities necessary to meet the needs of tourists, emerging at the time of tourist travel and generated by this particular trip. The Federal Law "About bases of tourist activity in the Russian Federation" tourism product is defined as "the right of the tour, designed to implement a tourist", and "tour - a set of services for accommodation, transportation, nutrition, travel, excursions and guide service and other services provided depending on the purpose of travel”.

     Tourist product at the same time is a combination of fairly complex heterogeneous components:

     1) Nature (air, water, sun, landscape, etc.), a variety of attractions that can entice tourists and persuade him to commit the trip;

     2) The way of tourist accommodation, eating places, equipment for recreation, sport and other characteristics, which themselves are not the factors that affect the motivation of travel, but in their absence, there is a large number of potential barriers and travel;

     3) The ability to move that to some extent, dependent on a variety of modes of transport used by tourists. Such capabilities are considered likely to position their affordability than from a position of speed.

     Tourist product of cities - resorts - the fruit of effort of many businesses and organizations. Tourism marketing is aimed at studying the collective product of different areas. There is also need to mention the information links that are needed to find a common solution between the best satisfactions of customer requirements and achieve the highest revenue producers.

     Turtovary and services consist of comprehensive travel - packages (tours), accommodation services, catering, transport services, cultural, sports, sightseeing and others, including special services, turtovarov and souvenirs purchased at the location (maps, charts, glasses from the sun, backpacks, etc.).

     Tourist services are divided into basic (provided by the contract and paid by tourists) and incremental (which are paid at the time of consumption, while on tour or in a place of residence).

      Depending on the type of hotel, its destination and class, the cost of living may or may not include the cost of food. In tourism, notes the following characteristics "plans" relating to meals for tourists in hotels.

      Plan for Europe (European Plan, EP). Nutrition tourists not included in the price. This plan is most popular in the U.S. and most major cities in the world.

      Continental Plan (Continental Plan, SR).

      The price of accommodation includes a light "continental" breakfast consisting of coffee, rolls, butter, jam, etc.

      Bermuda Plan (Bermuda Plan, BP).

      The price of accommodation includes a full "American" breakfast at the hotel. Lunch and dinner are not included. 

      Modified American Plan (Modified American Plan, MAP). 

      The price of accommodation includes a breakfast - or "continental" (in Europe), or full - and even one meal, usually dinner. This plan is especially popular in the resorts of the Bahamas and Bermuda, the Caribbean and Mexico. In Europe, this plan is generally for the full board.

     American Plan (American Plan, AR). 

     The price of accommodation includes a breakfast, lunch and dinner. In Europe, this plan is called the full board.

     Typically, BP, and MAP are offered at expensive resorts. The European plan is most often used in hotels, designed primarily for transit passengers and business people. In some tourist hotels, residents plan MAP, not satisfied with restrictions in preference for dishes from the menu. 

     Shuttle - transportation from direct tourist arrival point (airport, sea or river port, railway station) to your accommodation (hotel) and back. Transfers are realized with the use of transport: buses, cars, etc. Provision of such services may be provided in special packages or requested as a tourist.

     Shuttle transportation is also considered every customer within Tour center. To transfer also includes visits to the museum from the hotel and back, in an art gallery, etc. But such transfers are generally not found in the tourist package, because tourists do not always accept them as an indispensable service.

     By purchasing a package containing a four indispensable basic element, the tourist can always ask the tour operator's expansion in this package due to the introduction of other services or may do so on their own - right in the tourist center.  
Reinforcement of tourism products in great extent promotes attachment to the travel agency customers. Quality of service is due to:

     1) The speed of the selection and implementation stages in the clients' requirements; 

     2) Courteous service, which is expressed in the hospitality, travel agency staff and their attentiveness to the needs of every customer, patience when discussing the route; 

     3) "The equality of the proposed tour and the true content; 

     4) The presence of co-ordination of all components of integrated services;

     5) The development of the route; 

     6) Delays in obtaining necessary documents (passports, visas, tickets, etc.); 

     7) The timing of receipt of background information. Thanks to information services, which are given free travel companies in the great extent enforce its tourism products.

      For information, usually used directories, pamphlets, brochures, information sheets, which include detailed information about the content and quality of service package, cost, etc. This information was given to each client; indicate your desire to buy one or the other tour. In addition, a customer purchases additional information and advice on the procedure of booking, payment, changes and cancellation of the tour, as well as all other matters related to travel. Alternative reinforcement tourist product enables Tour Company to improve its tourist offer. Today's competition - a competition between what is proposed tourism organizations to complement their tourism products in the form of special services, advice, information, service features, and other valuable things for customers. Consequently, travel agencies must constantly look for productive ways of reinforcement on the market tourism products.

Product Positioning

      Product Positioning - enable consumers to distinguish products of its main characteristics, the position that this product, upon submission of consumers, is compared with similar products offered by competitors in the market.  
Allocate possible product positioning based on the value or other characteristic properties of the product.

      In order for organizations to separate their product from similar products of other tourist enterprises should establish criteria for the differences. They may include: 

1) Physical attributes (the hotel «Sheraton Palace» San Francisco (USA), «Raffles» Singapore's distinguished by its luxury, which is fully manifested after the reconstruction of buildings); 

2) The type of service (for example, when registering arrivals customer is served a cup of coffee or tea); 

3) Staff (a scrupulous selection of workers and their highest training);

4) Location; 

5) Image.

      Preferring certain characteristics to position their products and determining their intentions, the travel agency must bring this information to their customers. The whole marketing mix should be concentrated on implementing the positioning strategy.  
Buyers will feel no doubt both physical and other differences between the tourism product or tourism services within a product category. Product attributes can be defined as systematic.

      Simple, based on physical characteristics, attributes. They are directly connected only with the physical characteristics of the goods, such as cost, quality, capacity or size.  
Complex based on physical characteristics, attributes. Due to the presence of considerable number of physical properties consumers to evaluate competitive products, may be based on complex attributes. Examples of complex attributes are: the size of the hotel, its location, friendliness of staff towards customers, etc.

      Abstract attributes. On such attributes affect the physical characteristics not related to them directly. As an example, the prestige of a particular resort.All these attributes are highly subjective and difficult to combine with the physical properties, except those who know from personal experience. The significance of attributes and their subjective perception varies depending on the people and classes of goods.

The life cycle of tourist product

      In determining the market potential tour company very useful learning experience can be life-cycle products. The essence of the theory of the life cycle of products is that every product, no matter how perfect consumer characteristics he may have, sooner or later ousted from the market of another, more sophisticated goods. Only the presence of stable needs and the means of satisfying them are transformed. Any proposal to market the goods has caused the life cycle, during which he is looking for its customers. Like every product, tourism product is in its formation of a series of successive periods, which are characterized by fluctuations in the value of sales and income.

     A period of introducing tourism products to market is a time when Tour Company for the first time offered to its target audience. The main characteristic of this period is a small rate of product sales and as a result, the absolute lack of even a tiny income. The duration of the introduction of the product on the market may fluctuate and is determined by the quality of the product, its response to the demands of consumers, surely chosen marketing strategy and a phased implementation.

      Growth period can be characterized by a rapid increase in the scale of implementation and, as a result, profits. Although marketing costs and remain at a fairly high level, they are part of a joint enterprise cost is significantly reduced.  
Maturity can be characterized by slowing growth in the implementation of its stable position. This can be attributed to several factors:

1) The transformation of customer needs;

2) Bring to market new and improved products;

3) Increased competition;

4) The product cannot be sufficiently profitable for the travel agency because of the emergence of new opportunities for more efficient capital investment.

      A downturn comes at a time when consumers are beginning to pall for this product. There is a constant decrease in the extent of implementation and reduced, perhaps even to zero, the value of income earned. Entry tourism product in a downturn can be determined by a number of reasons. Firstly, the launch of new products. Secondly, the disappearance of needs, which answered this product. Therefore, you must carefully consider how those products, which provide for a few years, little income, and those that are perfectly familiar with the market, but to enhance the sales of which need to change their image.

      Consequently, the presence of tourist product life cycle means - before Tour Company three big problems. First, it must be time to bring to market new products to change are in a period of recession (question design innovation). Secondly, Tour Company should be able to effectively organize a permanent job with the available products in each of the periods of their life cycle (the question of a strategic approach to the periods of the life cycle of tourism products). The third problem is to optimize the composition of the proposed tour company products at various periods of their life cycle. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Conclusion

      Tourist product development is mainly undertaken to facilitate product diversification, development or improvement of tourism products with the help of knowledgeable and qualified staff. It aims at enhancing visitor experience by building consensus and strategic alliances with business stakeholders in order to bring about socio-economic growth. Tourism product development seeks to support in the maintenance, development and enhancement of the tourism product.

      A large number of companies offer training programs and advice on tourism product development. The services include sustainable tourism product planning and development, presentations, seminars, campaigns and strategies for destination marketing organizations, individual operators and agencies. These companies make use of a community and stakeholder-based approach to assist businesses and destinations to plan for successful tourism in the long-term from cost-effective, environmental and communally sustainable perspectives. These companies provide an extensive range of specialized services designed to help individual tourism operators, associations and product clubs, educational institutions and government agencies effectively attain their short and long-term goals. Some of these companies are designed to assist government and quasi-government agencies in the development of the tourism industry, principally by coordinating and aiding timely action between public and private sector interests.

      Tourist product development aims at long-term sustainable development by the execution of a number of strategies. These strategies bring into focus a generic idea to increase competitiveness, build an inclusive industry by promoting closer integration of people and develop and maintain the environment. Tourism product development is designed to increase the income in the sector. Tourism product development involves implementation of a comprehensive plan of action that will guide towards dealing with estimated increase in business over the short, medium and long-terms.

      Tourist product development helps in improving product quality by complying with the standards set by international benchmarks. It helps in product improvement by tourism training. It helps in product diversification by acting as a channel, facilitator and controller for development through sports and community based development with stress on culture, heritage and eco-tourism.

Literature

• Зорин И.В., Каверина Т.П., Квартальнов В.А. Туризм как вид деятельности
• Юлия Безрутченко Маркетинг в социально-культурном сервисе и туризме. Учебное пособие.
• Jay Kandampully,Connie Mok,Beverley A. Sparks “Service quality management in hospitality, tourism, and leisure”
• http://www.thenewstoday.info
• http://EzineArticles.com/407974