Автор: Пользователь скрыл имя, 11 Ноября 2012 в 12:09, курсовая работа
The understanding of the native speakers' language is the international problem for our people. Our secondary schools teach the students only the bases of the English language. Our universities do not prepare them to the British streets, accommodations, pubs where people use their own language, the language that differs from that of their parents. They use other words- they use slang. None of the most advanced and flexible ways of teaching English of any country can catch modern quickly developing English.
Content
INTRODUCTION
1. Discovering slang
1.1 The origin of slang.
1.2 Types of slang.
a) Cockney rhyming slang
Polari
Internet slang
Slang of army, police
Money slang
1.3. Phonetic peculiarities of slang
1.4. Morphological characteristics of slang
1.5. Slang at the Millennium
1.6. Youthspeak
2. Exercises on slang
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
legless drunk
like a rat out of a very fast
load of bollocks you're talking crap
utter nonesense
loo a toilet; a washroom
Liverpudlian a native of Liverpool (also see Scouser)
lorry a truck
man in blue a policeman
marmite a spread for sandwiches
me old cock my old friend
mind your P's and Q's to be careful; to be polite
moggy cat
mom`s the word it's a secret between you and me
can be abbreviated to "Keep mom !"
money for jam an easy job
money for old rope an easy job
mother's ruin gin
mucker mate, friend
mucky pup someone who has soiled themselves
e.g. "You mucky pup !"
mug face
mutton chops side whiskers
nancy boy an effeminate male
nark a police informer
nightie a nightdress
nick prison; to steal
e.g "Hey, my bike's been nicked !"
nick, the prison
nincompoop a fool
nipper a young or small child
nippy (1) fast, or (2) cold
e.g. (1) "that car is nippy !"
e.g. (2) "it's nippy out today"
nix nothing
none too easy very difficult
e.g. "that exam was none too easy !"
nosey parker somebody who is nosey
not bad very good
not so hot not very good, awful
old man father
old girl mother
old lady mother
one in the oven pregnant, also "a bun in the oven",
"up the plum duff" and "in the pudding club"
on spec on chance
on the nod on credit
on the razzle dressed up and looking for sex
on the tap looking for sex
on your bike! go away!
out for a duck obtained a zero score
Paddy an Irishman
paralitic to be drunk
pavement sidewalk
pictures, the the cinema
pick-me-up a tonic
pie eyed to be drunk
pigs, the police
pigs breakfast a mess
pigs ear a mess
pig in muck somebody in their element
e.g. "he is as happy as a pig in muck"
pillock an insult
pinny apron
pissed drunk
pissed off to be annoyed
Dictionary if modern USA slangs
These phrases are in everyday use in USA
airhead: stupid person. "Believe it or not, Dave can sometimes act like an airhead!"
amigo: friend (from Spanish). "I met many amigos at Dave's ESL Cafe."
antifreeze: alcohol. "I'm going to need a lot of antifreeze tonight!"
armpit: dirty, unappealing place. "This cheap motel is an absolute armpit!"
awesome: great and impressive. "Dave's ESL Cafe is truly awesome!"
baby boomer: a person born from the end of the Second World War until the early 1960s. "Dave Sperling was born in 1961, so he's considered a baby boomer."
ball (1): a fun time. "I really had a ball in Dave's ESL class."
ball [offensive] (2): a testicle. "After getting kicked in the balls, his voice seemed much higher."
bang (1): a very powerful thing. "Disneyland is really a bang!"
bang (2): a powerful effect. "Japanese sake really has a bang!"
barf (1): vomit. "My dog barfed all over the carpet."
barf (2): vomit. "Don't step on the barf!"
barf-out: a displeasing person or affair. "That restaurant was a real barf-out."
bazillion: an infinite number of something. "Has Dennis really taught a bazillion students?"
B-ball: basketball. "Do you wanna play b-ball with me?"
beans: money. "I've worked for this company for ten years, but I still don't have beans."
beat: tired. "I'm really beat because I was awake all night."
beemer: a BMW. "He wants to buy a beemer when he makes more money."
biggie: something important. "I was hoping to get my homework completed, but it's no biggie. "
biker: a motorcycle rider. "Dave used to be a biker until he got into a serious motorcycle accident."
bod: body. "Stalone has a great bod!"
bonkers; go bonkers: crazy. "If Dave works too hard, he sometimes goes slightly bonkers!"
booboo: a mistake. "I made a booboo on the last question of the exam."
boob tube: television. "Benjamin is always in front of the boob tube."
booze: alcohol. "The ESL party was fun, even though there wasn't any booze."
boss: excellent; great. "Dave's ESL Cafe is totally boss!"
bread: money. "Can I borrow some bread?"
brew (1): coffee. "Every morning Dave needs a fresh cup of brew."
brew (2): beer. "Do you want another brew, dude?"
brewski: beer. "I love drinking brewskies!"
B.S.: bullshit; lies. "I'm tired of listening to your B.S."
bull: bullshit; lie. "That's a bunch of bull!"
bullshit [offensive]: lie; dishonesty. "I don't like people that bullshit me"
buns [possibly offensive]: the rear end; buttocks. "Don't stare at my buns!"
bushed: extremely tired. "I'm completely bushed."
butt: the buttocks. "Stop sitting on your butt and help me wash the dishes!"
catch some rays: get some sunshine. "Let's go to the beach and catch some rays."
cheesy: cheap; outmoded. "Why are you wearing such cheesy clothes?"
chicken: coward. "Don't be such a chicken!"
cool: excellent; superb. "Dave's ESL Cafe is totally cool!"
cooler, the: jail. "If you drink and drive, you'll end up spending time in the cooler."
couch potato: a person who watches too much television. "Why did I have to marry such a couch potato?"
crap [offensive] (1): something worthless. "My furniture is a bunch of cheap crap."
crap [offensive] (2): excrement. "Yuck! I stepped on dog crap!"
crap [offensive] (3): falsehoods and lies. "I've had enough of your crap."
deck: to hit someone. "His wife almost decked him when he returned home with lipstick on his shirt."
dicey: unpredictable; risky. "Gambling is a dicey occupation."
dinero: money (from Spanish). "I wish I had more dinero!"
dirt: extremely bad person. "My ex-boyfriend was dirt."
dorky: strange; peculiar. "If you keep acting so dorky, you'll never get a girlfriend!"
dude: a male. "That's really cool, dude!"
dynamite: powerful; excellent. "Dave gave a dynamite presentation."
dinosaur: something old fashioned or out of date. "I'd love to surf the Net, but unfortunately my computer is a dinosaur."
el cheapo: something cheap. "Since I don't make much money, I always purchase the el cheapo brand."
evil: great; excellent. "Your car is really evil!"
eyeball: to stare long and hard at someone or something. "Dave eyeballed his daughter's new boyfriend."
eyepopper: something or someone visibly astounding. "Wow, that girl is truly an eyepopper!"
fab: fabulous. "Dave's ESL Cafe is really fab!"
face-off: confrontation. "I think it's time we had a face-off."
fender-bender: small accident. "This morning I had a fender-bender on the Ventura Freeway."
flaky: unpredictable. "I waited four hours for my flaky friend to show up."
flashback: sudden memory. "In Little Tokyo I had a flashback to my days living in Japan."
flick: movie. "Let's go out tonight and watch a flick."
fox: attractive, alluring person. "Is it true that Dave is a fox?"
freebie: something that does not cost money. "My trip to New York was a freebie."
geek: someone who works too hard, is more intelligent than usual, and is slightly unattractive.
"Bill Gates is kind of a geek."
get it: to understand something. "Sorry, but I just don't get it."
glitch: flaw. "There must be a glitch in this softwware."
go bananas: go slightly mad. "This project is causing me to go bananas!"
gomer: a dumb person. "Stop acting like a gomer!"
goof (1): a silly and foolish person. "What a goof you are!"
goof (2): make a mistake. I really goofed on the test today."
goof off (1): waste time."Stop goofing off and help me clean the house!"
goof-off (2): someone who wastes time and isn't serious. "A goof-off never does well in school"
goof up: make a mistake. "Oh no! I really goofed up!"
goofy: silly. "Kids always make me feel goofy!"
grabbers: hands. "Have you washed your grabbers, Benjamin?"
grand: one thousand dollars. "He's making over a hundred grand a year!"
grub: food. "Where's the grub?!"
grubby: not clean. "I always feel grubby in the morning."
grungy: unclean and stinky. "Grungy people are not allowed in Dave's house!"
gut: a person's stomach; belly. "Dave is getting a big gut because he loves chocolate ice cream and beer!"
guts (1): courage. "It took a lot of guts to ask his boss for a raise."
guts (2): the nature of something. "Let's get to the guts of Dave Sperling!"
hairy: difficult; dangerous. "The steep and windy road was really hairy."
hang a left: make a left turn. "Hang a left at the next corner."
hang a right: make a right turn. "Hang a right at the next corner."
hep: sensible; informed. "She's a really hep student."
hickey: a love bite on the skin. "Wow! Is that a hickey on your neck?"
hip: sensible; informed. "He really tries hard to be hip."
hot : popular. "Brad Pitt is really hot now."
humungous: really big. "American supermarkets are humungous."
hungries, to have: be hungry. "I don't know about you, but I've got the hungries."
hyper: overly excited. "Children often get hyper when they are tired."
icky: unpleasant. "The food is really icky in the school cafeteria."
I.D.: identification. "If you want to order a beer, you'll need your I.D.
I'm outta here: I'm leaving; I'm departing. "Sorry, but I'm outta here, dude."
in: fashionable. "Ray-Ban sunglasses are really in now."
ivories: teeth. "Tom Cruise has really beautiful ivories."
jack around [possibly offensive]: waste time. "Will you please stop jacking around?"
jam, in a (1): trouble. "If you're in a jam, I promise to help you."
jam (2): improvise (musically). "I'd love to jam with Bon Jovi!"
jamming, to be : going well. "Dave's ESL Cafe is really jamming!"
jerk: stupid or annoying person. "How could you go out with such a jerk?"
jillion: an immense number. "Do you really have a jillion problems?"
jock: someone good at sports. "I've never been much of a jock."
K (k): a thousand. "I could retire with 100 K (k)!"
kick back: relax and enjoy. "I wish I could kick back at the beach today."
kick off: die. "My dog finally kicked off."
killer: something exceptional or great. "Wow, your boyfriend is killer!"
knockout: beautiful woman; handsome man. "Benjamin is already a knockout!"
kook: peculiar person. "Stop acting like a kook!"
laid back: relaxed; calm. "I always feel laid back at the beach."
lame: incompetent. "Dave is really lame when is comes to fixing his car."
loser: a bungling and worthless person. "Why are you dating such a loser?"
love handles: excess fat around the waist. "Is it possible for Dave to lose his love handles?"
luck out: to be lucky or fortunate. "You really luck out by visiting Dave's ESL Cafe!"
make waves: cause problems. "Teachers don't like students to make waves."
max, to the : maximum. "I'm happy to the max."
mega: big. "American restaurants serve mega portions of food."
megabucks: a large amount of money. "It takes megabucks to live in Japan."
mellow: relaxed. "I'm feeling very mellow this evening."
mickey-mouse: unimportant; time-wasting. "I'm sick of this mickey-mouse job."
munch out: to eat voraciously. "Let's munch out on a large pizza!"
nada: nothing (from Spanish). "I know nada about politics."
neat: cool; great. "Isn't my new car neat?"
noid: someone that's paranoid. "Why are you so noid?"
nuke (1): nuclear weapon. "This world had too many nukes."
nuke (2): destroy; delete. "Sorry, but I accidentally nuked your e-mail message."
nuke (3): cook something in the microwave oven. "Can you nuke this frozen pizza for me?"
nut (1): odd or crazy person. "Why are you always acting like a nut?"
nut (2): someone passionate about something. "I'm a nut about computers."
pad: someone's home. "Can I sleep at your pad tonight?"
party: celebrate. "Let's party tonight!"
party animal: someone that loves parties. "Dave has been known to sometimes be a party animal."
paws: hands. "Get your paws off me!"
peanuts: very little money. "I love my job, but the pay is peanuts."
pee: to urinate. "I always have to pee after drinking beer."
pig out: eat too much. "Dave is famous for pigging out on chocolate ice cream."
pissed (off): angry; upset. "I'm really pissed (off) at you."
poop, the (1): knowledge; information. "What's the poop on Michael Jackson?"
poop out: get tired and quit. "I got pooped out after spending eight hours at Disneyland."
pro: someone who's good at something; professional. "She's really a pro at golf."
psycho: crazy person. "Stay away from that psycho!"
pumped (up): excited. "I'm really pumped (up) about Dave's ESL Cafe!"
puss: the face. "My girlfriend slapped me right on the puss."
quarterback: leader. "Dave is the quarterback of Dave's ESL Cafe."
quick and dirty: done fast, but not well. "The mechanic did a quick and dirty repair on my car."
racket (1): noise. "Small kids can make a lot of racket."
racket (2): something that's dishonest or deceptive. "The Tobacco Industry is quite a racket."
racket (3): an occupation. "I've been in the ESL racket for fourteen years."
rank: give someone a difficult time. "She's always ranking her teacher."
razz: annoy someone. "Will you please stop razzing me?"
rear (end): buttocks. "Dave fell on his rear (end)."
riot, a : something or someone very funny. "Jim Carrey is a riot!"
rip off (1): stealing. "Someone ripped off my car."
rip off (2): fraud. "I paid $10,000 for my computer. What a rip off!"
rocking: great; excellent. "Dave's ESL class is really rocking!"
rubbish: nonsense; not true. "That rumor is a bunch of rubbish."
rug rat: a child. "Dave has a couple of rug rats at home."
runs, the: diarrhea. "Oh no! I've got the runs!"
scarf: to eat. "I can easily scarf an entire banana split."
screw up: to make a mistake. "I screwed up on the driving test, so I didn't pass."
screw-up: a person who makes a mistake. "Why are you such a screw-up?"
scum: a despicable individual. "Don't hang around with that kind of scum."
shades: sunglasses. "Those are really cool shades!"
shoot some hoops: play basketball. "Let's shoot some hoops!"
silks: clothing. "Those are really awesome silks!"
smarts: intelligence. "It takes a lot of smarts to become a doctor."
snookered: cheated. "I got snookered into buying swamp land in Florida."
sofa spud: a person who watches too much television. "I'm usually a sofa spud on Sunday."
solid (1): really good; cool. "Dave's ESL Cafe is totally solid!"
solid (2): consecutive. "It's been raining for seven solid days."
specs: eyeglasses. "I didn't know that you wore specs."
split: to leave. "Let's split from here now."
spunk: spirit. "She might be small, but she's got a lot of spunk."
street smart: knowledgeable about city life. "Since Dave is from Los Angeles, he's very street smart."
suck: to be bad and unacceptable. "That song really sucks!"
thou: thousand. "I need to borrow a hundred thou."
ticker (1): the heart. "My grandfather has a bad ticker."
ticker (2): a watch. "Wow! That's a really cool ticker!"
tints: sunglasses. "You have to wear tints in California."
totally: really; completely. "That's totally awesome, dude!"