Автор: Пользователь скрыл имя, 09 Октября 2013 в 16:32, курс лекций
Active vocabulary:
work and employment
occupation - род занятий, профессия employee - (наемный) работник, co-
trade - занятие, ремесло, профессия трудник, служащий
10 1 think that the problem of youth employment is very actual and must be solved as quickly as possible. Most of young people in Russia nowadays get higher education. They all go to institutes or universities and even academies. But the quality of education nowadays leaves much to be desired. As a result the country will have a lot of specialists especially doctors, managers and lawyers. But their quality will be very low. It is one problem. The other problem is that of finding working places for such a great number of specialists. The Federal Government should do something about this problem. Creating those places for young people is the burning question now. There must be a lot of new plants, factories, hospitals and other enterprises to give jobs to all the graduates. But there is one more problem when people who major in one field are not satisfied with the working conditions and work in another one. As a result they have only their diplomas but they do not work according to their speciality. And it is also very bad. The government should provide good working conditions for some spheres, which are not popular (for example give more money and so on). In Russia young people are still a little suppressed, they have complexes but abroad life is quite different. Young people begin to work very early from the point of view of age, get more and more experience out of their work and have more possibilities to realize themselves.
UNIT 4
1 Develop the conversation giving reasons for this or that decision.
1
-1 wouldn't mind working in a pub.
2
-1 wonder whether you need any part-timers.
3
2 Find out about your friends' occupations. Use the following dialogues as models.
Model A - What do you do for a living?
Model В - What does your friend do?
Model С - What's your present job, Sam?
Mode] D - What would you like to be, Philip?
-1 see only one: I like to see my name in print.
3 Answer the following questions:
4 Comment on the following:
A woman was being interviewed for a job. "Do you understand that before we can offer you a position you must take a short test?" "Of course", she answered. "Well, how much is two plus two?" "Four".
A second applicant entered the room. After a short interview the recruiter asked, "Are you ready for the test?" "Yes".
"Well, how much is two plus two?"
The applicant answered, "Whatever the boss says it is". The second applicant got the job.
Для составления рассказа о будущей профессии студентам специальностей ХБ, БЖ и ЗС предлагаются тексты в приложении А, остальные три приложения предназначены для студентов всех специальностей. Приложение Б содержит список современных профессий по сферам деятельности, приложение В — тест для более успешного профессионального самоопределения, приложение Г - образцы документов (резюме и сопроводительного письма), необходимых при устройстве на работу.
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ А
(обязательное)
ADDITIONAL TEXTS FOR READING Chemistry
Chemistry is an experimental and theoretical study of the composition of matter and the changes that take place in matter. Chemistry is veiy important for modern society. Without many discoveries made by great chemists the advance in technology would be impossible. It is so much a part of our lives that it is very easily taken for granted. Metals, glass, dyes, drugs, etc are all made of chemicals. Chemistry occupies a central position among the basic sciences and it is closely connected with physics and biology, it plays an important part in the development of geology and physiology, enters every industry as well as medicine and agriculture. There are many reasons for studying chemistry. First, there is a cultural reason - a well-educated man or woman needs to have an understanding of the material world he lives in. Second, there is a practical or professional reason. Chemists and chemical engineers are needed for many activities. A man or woman who selects chemistry as a profession does not place narrow limitation on what he will do with his life. He still has many roads open to him - he may become a teacher, may be a research man, working either with inorganic substances or with organic substances; he may help to control great industrial process, to develop new ones; he may collaborate with medical workers in the control of disease. Even if he selects a profession other than chemistry, he may find himself using his chemical knowledge not only in his everyday work but also in overcoming unexpected problems.
Our university provides great opportunities to get theoretical and practical knowledge of chemistry and other disciplines closely connected with any major chosen by students. First and second year students study such subjects as mathematics, physics, chemistry, foreign languages, engineering drawing and so on. To get all necessary knowledge students should attend lectures and seminars. In addition to it they can take part in the research work. In order to master the speciality perfectly an industrial training is introduced in the course of study. Second year students of our faculty study Organic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Strength of Materials, Planning and Management of Production, etc.
The State Technical University in Komsomolsk-na-Amure trains highly- qualified specialists, our skilled engineers can work practically in all the fields of industry.
Environment protection must be global
That the problem of pollution and ecology has become the most important one for mankind is evident to all. The more civilization is developing, the greater the ecological problems are becoming. Air and water pollution by industry is now reaching tremendous proportions. In our era it is changing from a national to an international problem, especially in territories where rivers cross several countries. The seas and oceans are also becoming seriously polluted. A similar situation is developing in the atmosphere. It is known that many cities throughout the world suffer from air pollution.
However, our scientific knowledge and technological advancement make it possible to eliminate it, if people use good will and make considerable investments for that purpose. The development of natural resources on a global scale is already possible from a scientific and technical standpoint. Large-scale experimental work in this area is successfully being carried out.
At present scientists in industrially developed countries are working on the theory of interaction of all the atmospheric and oceanic global processes that determine the climate and weather of the world. Increasing growth of population, industrialization and the use of resources are slowly but surely changing the global climate and water balance. This can be described as a great experiment, one that may bring about changes in the environment more serious than ever before.
The essential feature in the environment protection is that many problems can be solved only on the level of world community. Therefore the planning of protection against pollution by human society as a whole is imperative today and in the nearest future. It is necessary to develop an international program to study data on land, forest, atmospheric and oceanic resources, both renewable and non-renewable. It is the joint efforts of many scientists and special public organizations that can deal with the problem and take necessary measures to protect the environment.
It is still a big job and much remains to be done. However scientists are confident that planned actions of all countries can eliminate pollution and achieve success in purifying air, water and soil and in safeguarding natural resources. At the same time one must realize that social and political circumstances may stand in the way of further progress in this field.
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ Б
(обязательное)
CAREERS BY FIELD OR INDUSTRY
Educational and licensing requirements differ for the careers within a particular field or industry, as do job duties and salaries. When you know what field you want to work in, but aren't sure which career within that occupation to choose, use this list to help you decide.
Careers Working With Animals
Veterinarian, Veterinary Technician, Veterinary Assistant, Animal Trainer and Groomer.
Careers in Dentistry
Dentist, Dental Hygienist (стоматолог-гигиенист), Dental Assistant and Dental Technician.
Careers in Engineering
Engineer and Engineering Technician.
Computer Science Careers
Computer and Information Systems Manager, Computer Systems Analyst, Computer Software Engineer (разработчик программного обеспечения), Computer Hardware Engineer (разработчик аппаратуры), Computer Programmer and Computer Support Specialist.
Construction Careers
Carpenter, Electrician, HVAC (сокр. от Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning нагревание, вентиляция и кондиционирование воздуха) Technician, Construction Project Manager (руководитель строительных работ).
Green Jobs
Urban or regional planner (градостроитель или специалист по региональному планированию), conservationist (специалист по охране окружающей среды), environmental technician, environmental scientist (исследователь в области защиты окружающей среды), geoscientist (исследователь в области геофизики) and landscape architect (ландшафтный архитектор).
Health Technologist and Technician Careers
Lab technologist, lab technician, dental hygienist, ultrasound technician, EMT (сокр. от emergency medical technician фельдшер скорой помощи) and paramedic (парамедик, спасатель, сотрудник службы по оказанию скорой медицинской помощи (при чрезвычайных ситуациях: пожар, захват заложников и т. п.; не имеет медицинского образования)), LPN (сокр. от licensed practical nurse дипломированная медицинская сестра), radiologic technologist and technician, surgical technologist.
Library Careers
Librarian, Library Technician and Library Assistant.
Marketing Careers
Market Research Analyst (аналитик рынков), Marketing Manager (менеджер по маркетингу), Public Relations Specialist, Retail Salesperson, Sales Representative (торговый представитель).
Careers in Occupational Therapy (трудотерапия)
Occupational Therapist (специалист по гигиене труда), Occupational Therapist Assistant (ассистент ...) and Occupational Therapist Aide (помощник ...).
Careers in Physical Therapy (физиотерапия)
Physical Therapist, Physical Therapist Assistant and Physical Therapist
Aide.
Video Game Careers
Video game designer, video game programmer, animator, audio engineer (звукотехник), writer, translator, video game tester, technical support professional, video game producer, marketing manager, market research analyst, sales representative.
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ В
(обязательное)
SELF-ASSESSMENT TEST
Answer the self-assessment questions. Discuss them with a partner and decide what the answers tell you about the type of employment you both have chosen.
a indoors? b outdoors? с a mixture of both?
a allowed you to work on your own, away from other people? b involved you in working with other people?
a mainly of your own sex? b mainly people of the opposite sex? с people of both sexes?
a to be told what to do by a supervisor? b to use your own initiative most of the time? с to be entirely your own boss?
a to work with people mainly of the same age as you? b to work with people older than you?
a no further training is required? b further training is necessary?
a that involved making things with your hands? b that didn 't involve making things?
a to do these yourself? b to have them done for you? с to have a job which required no mathematical skills whatsoever?
a that involved the repetition of the same task almost all the time? b that provided some variation? с that changed most of the time?
a that involved quite a lot of •writing? b that involved hardly any writing
at all?
a where you performed one task but where you did not see the finished product? b where you were involved in all the stages of manufacture?
a to involve a lot of thought? b to call for some thought? с to call for little thought?
a where your hands never got dirty? b where you could get your hands
dirty?
a to sit most of the time? b to stand most of the time? с to be able to move aroundfreely?
a you had to wear a uniform? b you could wear what you liked? с where there were certain restrictions on clothing?
a that employs thousands of people? b that employs less than a hundred people? с that employs six or less people?
a has set working hours every day? b has shift work?
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ Г
(обязательное)
A LETTER OF APPLICATION (FOR THE JOB) / COVER LETTER
4 Hope Road Oxford OX6 5PT
Anne Watson Director
The Oxford International School 16 College Street
Oxford 0X2 7PT 10th August 20_
Dear Ms Watson
I am interested in the job of a receptionist in your school. I am 28 years old and 1 live in Oxford. At the moment I work as a guide, but last year I worked as a hotel receptionist. I like working with people very much and I can speak two foreign languages, French and Spanish. I can also operate a computer. I was born in Oxford, so I know it very well.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely
Carol B&roes Carol Barnes
CURRICULUM VITAE (CV) / RESUME
Ann Jackson 52 Hanover Street Edinburgh EH2 5LM Scotland
Phone-01957487004 E-mail: annJackson@mid.net
1981-1988
1988-1991
1991-1998
Broadfield School, Brighton. A levels in German (A), English (B), History (B) University of London.
BA (Honours) in Journalism and Media Studies (Class II). London Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Diploma in Public Relations.
3 Professional Experience