Роль Английского языка

in the field. Research what types of jobs are available in your area of interest by checking out The Occupational Outlook Handbook and The Career Guide to Industries. The Occupational Outlook Handbook offers a wealth of information for those currently just entering the job market and for those anticipating making a career change.

Step № 3' Decision-Making

Once you've made a thorough self-assessment and have done some research of career options, it's time to make a decision. This can be difficult since there may still be many unknowns and a fear of making the wrong choice. One thing for sure is that although we can do all the necessary steps to making an informed decision, there is no absolute certainty that we are unquestioningly making the right decision. This uncertainty is easier for some people than others but a key point to remember is that you can always learn from any job you have and take those skills and apply them at your next job.

Step № 4' Search (Taking Action)

It's now time to look for prospective (будущий) jobs and / or employers, send out cover letters and resumes, and begin networking with people in the field. Keep in mind that cover letters and resumes are designed to make a favorable impression on employers (if done properly) and the interview process is what will ultimately land you the job. In other words, make sure your cover letter and resume highlight (преподносят в выгодном свете) your skills and strengths (преимущества) based on the employer's needs and that you are fully prepared to knock their socks off at the interview. Take time to research the employer's website prior to the interview, and be prepared to ask thoughtful questions based on your research.

Step № 5: Acceptance

Wow! You've completed all of the steps above and you've been accepted into a new and exciting or different job. Congratulations! According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (Бюро трудовой статистики ), 64.1% of people change jobs between 5 and 14 times in their lifetime. Consequently, learning the skills above will increase your chances of gaining meaningful and satisfactory work as well as help you to avoid many of the stresses that occur with changing jobs. By recognizing that change is good (even advantageous), changing jobs can be viewed as a positive experience and need not be as anxiety provoking as it may initially seem. You will continue the process of self-assessment, research, decision-making, and job searching in order to make effective and fulfilling career changes throughout your lifetime.

INFORMATIONAL INTERVIEWS

Using an Informational Interview to Get the Inside Scoop on an Occupation

I realized how many people don't know about using informational interviews to learn about occupations when I sat in front of the computer with a friend searching for information on a career she was considering. After about half an hour of weeding out sites (поиска по сайгам) that advertised training programs from those that actually gave information on the job, her husband asked her this simple question: "Why don't you call Joe's mother?" I looked scornfully at my friend, who hadn't mentioned knowing someone in the field, and began to lecture her on the importance of informational interviews.

First Things First...

My friend wasn't so far off base (грамотно подошла к делу), actually. Gathering information from books, printed articles, and web sites, is the first step one should take when learning about different careers. This comes after a period of self assessment, of course, when one looks at his or her work related values, interests, and skills to determine what occupation he or she would enjoy and in which he or she would excel (иметь успех). Reading up on careers is a way of narrowing down the list of careers you are considering and eliminating those in which you have no interest. It is also a way to prepare for the next step - the informational interview.

What is an Informational Interview Anyway?

The purpose of an informational interview is to get information about a field of work from someone who has some firsthand knowledge. When you are on an informational interview you should not ask for a job. This is not to say that an informational interview cannot lead to a job. In addition to helping you learn about a particular career, the informational interview is a way to start building a network. The person who is the subject of your informational interview today, may be the first person in your network many tomorrows from now. Here's another way an informational interview can benefit you. For those of us who are a little skittish (опасается) about going on a job interview, the informational interview provides a non-threatening forum in which to get some practice. Think of it as a dress rehearsal (репетиция).

Here's how I see it. You need information. Someone has that information. Anyone is fair game (зд. подойдет) as long as that person is knowledgeable about the field in which you are interested. Ask friends, relatives, fellow students,

your teachers, and neighbors if they know someone who works in your targeted field. People love to talk about themselves and what they do. Call someone you read about who has your "dream job." Call your alumni association. When I first thought about becoming a librarian, I contacted an employment agency (бюро по трудоустройству) that specialized in that area. I was able to get an interview with one of the agency's founders, herself a librarian. She was able to tell me about the job itself, and because of her unique position as a placement counselor (консультант по трудоустройству), she was able to tell me about the outlook (перспективы) for the field.

What You Need to Know Before the Informational Interview

Just as you need to prepare for a job interview, preparation for an informational interview is very important. As my friend did, searching for information on the occupation is step one. She felt she needed to know as much about her targeted career in order to ask intelligent questions.

When you go on a job interview it is wise to learn as much about the potential employer and the interviewer as you can. When you go on an informational interview you should do the same type of research. As mentioned above, people love to talk about themselves. People also love to hear about themselves (the good things of course!). If your interviewee (интервьюируемый) was referred to you by someone, ask that person about him or her. Also, see what you can find out by looking in local business journals and industry publications. For example, was the interviewee recently promoted or did he or she receive some special recognition? Research that person's employer as well. You will be prepared for the interview and therefore make a good impression.

Questions to Ask At an Informational Interview

As previously mentioned, you should research your career of interest in order to ask intelligent questions. Was there something mentioned in the occupational information you didn't fully understand? The informational interview is a good forum to get that clarified. Here is a small sampling of questions you should ask:

43. Describe a typical day at work.
44. How many hours do you normally work in a week?
45. What do you see as the potential for growth in this field?
46. What can I do now to help me find employment in this field?

The Big Day: Time for Your Informational Interview

You've done your homework and can walk into the informational interview confident that you will make a good impression and get the information that will help you make a wise decision. Don't forget to dress appropriately. Arrive on time, keep the interview to the scheduled length, and remember proper etiquette.

Speaking of proper etiquette, please remember to send a thank you note to show your appreciation. The interviewee has taken time out of what is probably a very busy schedule to help you.

UNIT 3

Study different students' views about their future career and get ready to take part in a group discussion.

47. Choosing a career is not a simple matter, because you chose one of the most important things in your life. It is important to suit your career. It is important when your career is your vocation in life. Skill, persistence and many other qualities are required in any job. There are 4 types of jobs. The 1-st category is a man and machines. It is for those who want to be an engineer and worker. They have to be patient, accurate men. The 2-nd category is a man and people. Here belong the professions of a doctor, teacher, especially if you love children. You must be friendly, kind and attentive to others. The 3-d category is a man and nature. You must love nature and take care of it. They become agronomists, biologists and work in agriculture. The 4-th category is a man and arts. To this category belong fashion designers, window-dressers, writers, poets, musicians, painters and artists. These people are enthusiastic, imaginative and creative. We don't know if it would be a right or wrong choice. My ideas may change as I grow up.
48. Everyone needs at least one profession in his life. So when you begin spending sleepless nights thinking about a job and money, when you think longingly of the plans for the future it's no doubt about it you're ready to choose most suitable career for you. So in the world there are very many different professions: you can work with people as a doctor, a lawyer, a receptionist, a teacher, etc.; at the enterprise, bank, school and state institution. And what kind of a profession you choose mainly depends on yourself. And I think it's a very difficult task for everybody. And now there is such a situation in life that it is very difficult to find some worthy job especially suitable for you. So if you want to get a gob you can make plans for the future when you still study at school. It's a good idea to take different factors into account: job satisfaction - your future job must

satisfy you; money - it's important that your future profession must be well-paid or you must have a high salary to support the family, etc; good conditions; training; traveling and so on; the place of work - in the office, not far from home, in the open, abroad, etc. In the past, when I was at the age of 10, I dreamt of becoming a lawyer because I wanted to be like Mason from "Santa-Barbara" movie. He was very energetic, talkative, inventive, creative, adventurous and enthusiastic. I wanted to work with people and help them. But now I can say that I've made up my mind what to do in the future. I think I have an aptitude for working with figures and solving financial problems and I am interested in knowing how money is made. So I think I can work as an economist in the financial field. I think that it is more in demand now especially in banks where a really good specialist can have a lot of money. The success of this profession mainly depends on my education. So I want to study at Vyatka State Technical University, the social economics faculty in spite of a very high competition. I think I'll be able to study there because I have a good knowledge of English and mathematics to pass the exams. So when I graduate from the University I'm going to work in my father's office as a financial consultant and specialist in this field. I think I will not disappoint my father because I'm energetic, communicative and quick by nature.

3 Many students finishing secondary school do not have a clear idea of what they want to do in future. Part of the problem is the size of the job market. With so many kinds of work (2000) how can you tell what will interest you? Some of the occupations are already overcrowded. In old industries there may be a little need of new workers, while new and growing industries will offer good jobs now and in the future. Finally how can you make the best use of your personal talents? Those who know themselves often find the best jobs. Choosing a career is not easy for most people, yet it is one of the most important decisions you make in your life. It is of most importance to explore your choice of occupation from every angle, collect as much information as you can. Above all - evaluate yourself. Be sure you know your own interests and talents. Unfortunately not everyone takes this trouble. Those who don't can make costly mistakes. For example, many young people simply follow in the footsteps of their parents or relatives. But it is not always an appropriate step. Postponing a decision is another error people make. A lot of young men think that way: "I'll get started tomorrow or next week or next year". These people refuse to face the problem, hoping it will go away. But if you don't make the first step now, how can you plan for the future? Everyone has skills and talents but yours may not be so obvious. Make a list of your interests, your talents and abilities. Most people have a lot of these but they are undeveloped and may not seem outstanding. By concentrating on a few or on one you may surprise yourself and everyone with how good you can get. When choosing a future career it is important to keep in

mind the following things: - do you like meeting and dealing with people; - do you like to work inside; - do you enjoy thinking about problems; - do you enjoy working with your hands; - do you like working on you own; - do you enjoy be* ing creative. Analyzing all this will help not to make a wrong choice. The majority of jobs may be divided into several groups: clerical, scientific, practical, outdoor, creative and social. I can't say the exact group, in which my ftiture occupation will be. Anyway I don't think that my future occupation is described in these groups. It can also be a mixture of different types of jobs. For example, clerical and scientific. I like meeting and dealing with people, and I'm quite sure, that it will help me in my future profession, whatever it is. I don't mind working inside, besides the weather in our region is very often not suitable for outdoor work. To tell the truth I do not enjoy working with my hands, I would prefer to think and solve different problems. I can't say that I enjoy working on my own, but it can often be pleasant and productive to work alone. I enjoy being creative, instead of feeling someone's authority on me. I am quite confident in pointing the character features needed to my future occupation and to most of the occupations. These are: ability to learn quickly, politeness, creativeness, accurateness, adaptability, friendliness, capability and others. You must also be a good team member. I think that to this or that extent I possess all these qualities, but some of them need to be developed.

4 I agree that choosing a career is not a simple matter. And I'm still hesitating about my future profession. But I want my profession to be connected with computers, because I have a computer at home and I am learning to use it. And I think that computer professions would be popular in a few years and it won't be difficult to find a good and well paid job, especially if you can work on the computer better than the others. That is one more reason why I want to connect my future with computers. I am sure that human's future is impossible without modem and progressive computer technologies and that is why some new professions, connected with computers, will appear in future. Of course, our school computer lessons teach us how to use a computer and give basic knowledge, but it is not enough for future and it is necessary to continue education in higher educational establishments. As I have a computer at home I have the facility for self-education. I believe that it is rather effective because there are a lot of good books, which can help you learn different things about computers. I've had a. computer for several years and I've already learnt a lot about this product of the 20th century . Now I can easily make programs, print documents and papers and then print them on a special machine, called printer, draw different pictures, which are close to professional pictures. I think that my parents, relatives and other experienced people can give me a good advice about choosing a future profession. There are not so many establishments specialized on computer in Archangelsk, which I want to enter. To my mind, only after getting higher edu-

cation, we can succeed in life. I am sure that knowledge of English could be of great help in my career, connected with computers, because of the majority of "soft" in English. In computer slang "soft" means computer equipment. And that is why every computer man should possess a good or even brilliant knowledge of English.

49. When you leave school you understand that the time to choose your future profession, your future life has come. It's not easy to make the right choice of a job. I have known for a long time that leaving school is the beginning of my independent life, the beginning of a far more serious examination of my abilities and character. What do I want to be when I leave school? It's a very important question for me. A few years ago it was difficult for me to give a definite answer. As the years passed I changed my mind a lot of times about what science or field of industry to specialize in. It's difficult to make up my mind and choose one of the hundreds of jobs to which I might be better suited. A couple of years ago I wanted to become a doctor, you know, I wanted to help people who had problems with health. Then I wanted to become a policeman, then a spaceman, I even wanted to become a professional football player. But all of them now are in the past, they were like children's dreams and nothing more. Now I have already decided what to do. I'd like to be an aviator. I know that it's very difficult. I should know perfectly everything about the planes, airports, weather and other things. You know that the weather is a very important thing for the flights too. I must be well educated and well informed. So that's why at first I am going to enter the Aviation University in Moscow, then when I finish studying I'll go to my country and try to get a job in air companies. You know, may be something will not be OK, because I don't know what will happen tomorrow, but 1 know that I'll do everything to realize my plan and my dreams. I also want to say that the profession should be chosen according to the character and hobbies of the person. That's why parents mustn't make their children choose the thing they like (parents like). Children must do it themselves. Because they must love the thing they do, believe that people need them and their job will bring them more pleasure.
50. When millions of young people leave school, they begin an independent life. Some of them start working, go into business, some of them continue schooling to receive a higher education. Young people can learn about professions in magazines and advertisements. Magazines for teenagers often offer questionnaires, quizzes or surveys to help young people find out what their interests and abilities are more clearly and make a decision concerning their future occupation. While choosing a career you should take into consideration main demands that you want your future profession to meet: the profession must be interesting, you have to be sure of your future (that means that you will be able

to find a job after graduation), a job must be well-paid, otherwise you won't be able to support yourself and your future family. During our school life we begin to think about our future life, our job. There are over 2000 professions in the world, so it is quite difficult to choose and make a decision. Some follow their own choice and some follow their relatives', teachers', parents' advice, because they can guide them and help to make a decision concerning future plans. I have never had a question, what I am going to do when I leave my school. I have known since my childhood that I want to be a linguist. I have chosen this profession, because a knowledge of foreign languages and foreign cultures is growing in importance nowadays. Foreign languages are needed as the main and the most efficient means of information exchange between the people of our planet. Although there are 3000 languages, English is the most universal one. It is the language of progressive science and technology, trade and cultural relations, and business. It is the universal language of international aviation, shipping, sports, medicine. English is the official language in nearly forty countries. It is spoken by more than 350 million people and also spoken as a second language in many parts of India and Africa. Besides, millions of people study English as a foreign language. In our country English is very popular. It is studied at schools, colleges and universities. It is important for me to learn English because I want to know what is going on around me in the world. With recent advances in technology, the world is changing rapidly in many fields, such as business, arts and medicine. These changes will affect me soon and it's important for me to read and keep up with these changes. In fact, learning English is the answer to a lot of the things that I need and want. And I can't help mentioning the quotation: "Every man is the maker of his own fortune." In conclusion I would like to say it is an advantage to choose our future career while at school. It gives us a goal to work towards and enables us to choose a right, suitable course of study. I'd also like to mention that if we don't think about our future, nobody will think for us, so we just can't have one. We must work hard to achieve our ambitions and realize our wishes, because future is purchased by the present.

7 Let me introduce myself. My name is Sergey. I am leaving school this year. My dream is to become a student of the Foreign Languages Department in Krasnodar State University. I want to study English, German and may be French. Knowledge of a foreign language opens a new world for us. If you know a foreign language you can speak with foreigners and it is a way for better understanding. If you know a foreign language you can read books in the original and in a way you can better understand other people's nature and culture. But for knowing English one should learn every day. So I read the texts, translate them, try to find key words and learn them later. It is a very difficult work but I try to do my best. I learn new words by heart, work at grammar doing numerous exercises and listen to foreign speech, trying to answer the questions. When I am

a student I'll do my best to master the foreign language I've chosen. After graduating from the University I hope to become an interpreter and work at a foreign firm.

51. Two occupations attract me a lot. I like to talk with small children and explain things to them and I like to write computer programs. I often think which one is the most favourite and can not decide which profession to choose. I was born in a family of a teacher. When I was a little girl I went to school with my mother attending her lessons. I watched her and I wanted my mother to be a favourite and most respected teacher and the older friend for the pupils. Once our English teacher caught a cold. I was in the 9th form then and was fond of English. The head teacher asked me to give an English lesson in the 5th form. I entered the classroom and was terrified at first with all those pupils' eyes stared at me. But I tried to get concentrated and said "Good morning" in a quiet and friendly voice. Then it was all right. I wanted the pupils to like English just like I did. We read, wrote, sang songs, asked and answered questions. Since then I gave English lessons several times when the teacher was absent and it was an exciting experience. So, I knew the job well and I was quite certain which profession I should choose. And then daddy bought a personal computer. Since then everything has changed much. At first it was impossible for me to understand how it worked. Now I am an amateur programmer and my father says that I certainly have an ability for programming. I still have a year ahead to decide, but now I am not quite sure...

We spend a great part of our lives at our work places, so choosing a right career is one of the most important decisions you will make in your life. Many students leave secondary school and begin studying at a college without a clear idea of what they want to do in future. Part of the problem is the size of the job market itself. With so many kinds of jobs (2000) how can you tell which will interest you? Some of occupations are already overcrowded. In old industries there may be little need for new workers, while new and growing industries will offer jobs now and in the future.- Therefore, it is extremely important to explore your choice of occupations from every angle, collect as much information as you can. But above all you must evaluate yourself. Find out where your interests and talents lie. Postponing a decision is an error people make. "I'll get started tomorrow or next week, or next year," - many people think. These people refuse to face the problem, hoping it will go away. But if you don't take the first step now, how can you plan for the future, how can you take the right way? Such people miss many opportunities. First start with yourself, make a list of your interests, talents and abilities. Most people have a lot of these, but at the beginning they are undeveloped and may not seem outstanding. By concentrating on a few, or on one you may surprise yourself at how good you can get. The interest in-

ventory that follows covers the major fields in which most people find careers: science, art, social service, business, sales and so on. Sometimes we say that someone we know is 'a square peg in a round hole'. This means that the person we are talking about is not suited for the job he is doing. Unfortunately, many people in the world are 'square pegs'. But to be a 'square peg' is not a real problem, a real problem for millions of people is to be unemployed. Unemployment especially hits poor and working class families the hardest, not because these people are more likely to be unemployed, but because they don't have a financial resource to fall back on. Unemployment exists primarily for two reasons: first - the existence of millions of unemployed people tends to prevent most of those working from asking for higher wages since they can be replaced easily, second - in their search for profits, corporations are interested in finding the cheapest labor. As for our country more than 10% of our people are unemployed. There is no lack of work force in Russia, but at the recent moment the need for professional workers is increasing. Old industries are overcrowded and it is hard to get a new education for people whose age is 35-40. The problem of unemployment is also connected with the economic crisis in our country. And I think when this crisis comes to an end the problem of unemployment will not be so urgent.