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Настоящее учебное пособие является второй частью «Практического курса разговорного английского языка» и предназначено для студентов II курса неязыковых специальностей.
Пособие рассчитано на дальнейшее развитие навыков устной и письменной речи в результате овладения речевыми образцами, содержащими новую лексику по темам, предусмотренным программой.
Ex. 3. Disagree with the statements using the model.
Model:
1. I don’t think there are any differences between British and American English.
2. I can’t agree with you. There are quite a few differences between them, to my knowledge.
1. One can’t get the Bachelor’s degree after graduating from a Liberal Arts College. 2. There’s no difference between the Master’s degree and the PhD. 3. The American system of education is centralized. 4. To my knowledge, all colleges and universities in the USA are private. 5. I don’t think there are any differences between colleges and universities. 6. As far as I know, the oldest American university is the University of California. 7. I think American students plan their academic programs themselves. 8.I don’t think there are any differences between Russian and American systems of higher education.
Ex. 4. Answer the questions.
1. What American elite universities do you know?
2. What kind of higher educational institutions are there in the USA?
3. What degrees do colleges and universities grant?
4. How do high school students prepare to go to college or university?
5. What is the role of the adviser?
6. How is the students’ progress evaluated?
Ex. 5. Discussion points.
1. Describe the differences, if any, in structures of Russian and American universities (colleges).
2. Describe the differences in evaluating the student’s performance in Russia and the United States.
3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the American system of higher education.
Ex. 6. Compare the system of higher education in your country with the American system of higher education in the form of the dialogues.
1. Range of higher institutions.
2. Applying for admission.
3. System of evaluation.
4. Structure of university.
5. Advantages and disadvantages of higher educational systems.
PART III. SYSTEM OF EDUCATION IN RUSSIA
concern – заботы, беспокойство
insure – обеспечивать
vocational school – профессиональное училище
extramural courses – заочные или вечерние курсы
correspondence courses – заочные курсы
provision – обеспечение
compulsory – обязательный
secondary – среднее (образование)
timetable – расписание
core subjects – основные предметы
applicant – претендент, кандидат
competitive – конкурирующий
thesis – диссертация, сочинение
council – совет
transitional – переходный, промежуточный
objective – цель
maintain – поддерживать
ration – зд. количество
rank (амер.) – занимать первое место
prospect – перспектива
advance – продвижение (по службе), успех
in the terms of – с точки зрения
Ex. 1. Mind the pronunciation:
insure [ ] lyceum [ ]
extramural [ ] privilege [ ]
knowledge [ ] mechanism [ ]
Citizens of Russia have always shown a great concern for education. The right to education is guaranteed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. It is insured by the broad development of compulsory secondary education, vocational specialized secondary and higher education, by the development of extramural, correspondence and evening courses, by the provisions of state scholarships, grants and privileges for students.
In Russia children get preschool education at the age of 3-4. Most of children attend kindergartens where they learn to read, write, count, draw, design simple things, sing, dance in the form of games.
In our country there is a nine-year compulsory education, but if you want to enter any higher educational establishment you have to study two years more.
School starts at the age of 6, which are called a primary school. This stage of learning lasts for 4 years. Children have many subjects on the time table: Russian, Maths, Nature Study, physical training (PT), Drawing, Music, Foreign Languages (in specialized schools). The main purpose of this stage is to teach children basic intellectual and social skills.
Secondary stage begins from 5th form where the children have a lot of new subjects like: Literature, History, Natural Science, Algebra and Geometry. Primary and secondary schools together comprise eleven years of study. Every school has a "core curriculum" of academic study.
Lyceums and gymnasiums offer programmers giving a profound knowledge in some field of study. Examinations are taken at the end of the 9th form and the 11th year. After passing their school-leaving exams at the age 16 or 17, young people receive a Certificate of Secondary Education.
Some children after finishing the 9th form can go to a vocational or technical secondary schools or colleges, where they can be offered programmes of academic subjects and a programme of training in a technical field, or a profession. After finishing the 11th form of a secondary school, a lyceum or gymnasium one can go on in higher education. Among higher educational institutions there are universities, institutions, academies and schools of higher education, where the course of studies is normally 5 years. All applicants must take competitive exams. Entrance examinations are held in July and August. Besides a 5-year programme of academic subjects for undergraduates in variety of fields a graduate course is also can be taken. If one finishes a graduate course and writes a thesis, he or she receives the candidate degree, corresponding to the master's degree, or the doctoral degree.
Higher as well as secondary education in our country is free although there are some universities, which charge fees.
Rectors head higher educational establishments. Prorectors are in charge of academic and scientific work. An institute or university has a number of faculties, each specializing in a field of study.
Faculties have specialized councils, which confer candidate and doctoral degrees.
The systems of secondary and higher education in Russia has gone through a transitional period. The main objectives of the reform are: decentralization of the higher education system, development of new financial mechanism, expansion of academic freedoms of faculties and students. All Russian schools until now have been state-maintained. In the terms of the ration of students to the total population Russia ranks among the top tens countries in the world. The Russian educational policy is a combination of economic and social subjects. An educated person contributes more to the society and education on the other hand gives a person the prospect for professional advance.
A great concern for education, the broad development of compulsory secondary education, vocational specialized education, the provisions of state scholarships, to enter a higher educational establishment, to have many subjects on the timetable, the main purpose of the stage, basic intellectual and social skills, a core curriculum, to take competitive exams, to be in charge of, the prospect for professional advance, the top tens countries, to go through a transitional period, in the terms of students.
Ex. 4. Give English equivalents:
посещать детский сад, профессиональное училище, вечерние (заочные) курсы, поступать в высшее учебное заведение, обучать умственным и общественным навыкам, выпускные экзамены (в школе), сдавать вступительные экзамены (в вуз), вносить вклад, перспектива продвижения по службе, писать сочинение
- a kindergarten
- a primary school
- a secondary school
- core subjects
- vocational specialized school
- a certificate of secondary education
- publicly supported schools
- privately supported schools
1. What guaranties and insured the right to education in Russia?
2. How long does it take you to get a compulsory education?
3. What educational establishments are provided for the school leavers?
4. Education is free in Russia, isn't it?
5. What are the main objectives of the educational reform?
6. What does a graduate course give to the students?
1. The gaps of the British and Russian systems of education.
2. American and Russian education.
3. American and British high education.
1. Все права граждан определенного государства гарантированы конституцией данного государства.
2. Среднее образование в любой стране является обязательным.
3. Все претенденты на поступление в высшее учебное заведение должны сдать вступительные экзамены.
4. Название учебного заведения – лицей – возникло в глубокой древности.
5. Царскосельский лицей был символом великих традиций древней школы.
6. По количеству студентов Россия занимает одно из первых мест среди развитых стран мира.
7. Все школы России имеют в своем расписании основные предметы.
8. Во главе высшего учебного заведения России стоит ректор, проректоры отвечают за учебную и научную работы.
9. Не любой выпускник, закончивший вуз с "красным" дипломом, имеет возможность устроиться на работу.
PART IV. OUR ACADEMY.
Ex. 1. Learn pronunciation of the following words.
specialization [ ] juridical [ ]
insurance [ ] auditing [ ]
accounting [ ] bachelor [ ]
jurisprudence [ ] speciality [ ]
Bologna [ ] access [ ]
catalogue [ ] Portugal [ ]
technology [ ] article [ ]
Ex. 2. Read and translate the text.
Our Academy
Khabarovsk State Academy of Economics and Law was formed on the base of Khabarovsk Institute of National Economy, established in 1970. In 1994 the Khabarovsk branches of Moscow Commercial University and Moscow State Juridical Academy were joined as the faculties of Khabarovsk Institute of National Economy.
The Institute was reorganized into the Academy according to the Order of the State Committee of Higher Education of the Russian Federation.
At the present time Khabarovsk State Academy of Economics and Law is one of the leading Universities of the Far East.
Tens thousand specialists who are successfully working in the financial-credit establishments, banks, state management bodies, law and law bodies were trained by the Academy for the past years.
More than 11 thousand students are studying at the Academy. The training of the diploma-specialists is done by the six faculties in full-time, part-time, long or short term forms of education and also distance learning (part-time).There are 17 specialities and 20 specializations: law, management, banking, finance, insurance, taxes and taxation, accounting, auditing, statistics, foreign economic activities, commerce, marketing, advertising, tourism, information technologies in economy, mathematic methods in economy.
Academy is taking an active part in Bologna process and offers to get the education in multi-level programs:
- "Bachelor" in the following directions: economics, management, jurisprudence, commerce;
- "Master of International Business" in the following directions: financial management, strategic management, international business, enterprise economy.
Academy is actively developing international collaboration with the Universities of Great Britain, France, Germany, the USA, China, Republic of Korea, Japan, Sweden, Portugal, Mongolia, Finland and others, widely using the experience of foreign partners.
Foreign students can study at the Center of Cross-Cultural Communication having classes of the Russian language and Russian Culture. Foreign students can be tested in the Russian language knowledge (TORFL).
The students are gaining the extra military professions at the Military Department of Academy.
Two studying buildings, laboratories, computer-classes, classes with free access to internet, sport-complex, mini-stadium, playgrounds, tennis-court are at the students disposal.
The library fund of the Academy is rich in educational and scientific literature and the total amount of books is about 400 thousand, including foreign editions. The electronic catalogue of books and articles is working at the library.
The student scientific-research center of Academy is dealing with organizing and carrying out the scientific competitions, conferences, preparing and realizing the students' programs and projects.
The creative studios are working at the Academy, they regularly hold the youth creative evenings, concerts and festival "Freshmen", KVN (Club of Cheerful and Smart).
Ex. 3. Answer the questions.
1. What faculty do you study at?
2. What's the name of your specialty? Specialization?
3. What economic establishments would you like to work after graduating from the Academy?
4. Would you like to study at Master's degree program?
5. Is the Academy developing international collaboration? Can you prove it?
6. Can foreign students study at the Academy?
7. Are you satisfied with the library fund of the Academy?
8. Do you often use internet in computer-classes?
9. Does the Academy have opportunities for going in for sport?
10. What do you know about the sport life of the Academy?
11. Students of our Academy win prizes at the scientific competitions, don't they?
12. Do the students of our Academy take an active part in creative activity of Khabarovsk youth?
Ex. 4. Make up a dialogue and act it out.
1. Student A: a school-leaver choosing an institute to continue education
Student B: a student of the Academy
2. Student A: a Freshman of our Academy
Student B: a student of senior courses of our Academy
UNIT II.
great uncertainty – сильная неуверенность
to have a goal in life – иметь цель в жизни
drug addiction – наркотическая зависимость
a sign of an intelligent and broad-minded person – признак умной и
разносторонней личности
in order – чтобы
to alarm smb – тревожить кого-либо
to plan the future career – планировать будущую карьеру
to be well-educated – быть хорошо образованным
to be a sore point – быть больным вопросом
problems with adults – проблемы со взрослыми
early pregnancy – ранняя беременность
violence and crime among youth – насилие и преступность среди молодежи
to face a drugs crisis – столкнуться с наркотическим кризисом
to loose the connections with parents – терять связь с родителями
to evoke – вызывать
to take the first step in doing smth. – cделать первый шаг в чем-либо
to prevent the selling of drugs – предотвратить продажу наркотиков
to dedicate to – посвящать чему-либо
if they are given drugs – если им предложат наркотики
number one problem among smb.- проблема номер один среди кого-либо
conscription – воинская повинность
to be like a prison – быть как в тюрьме
military service – военная служба
to be society’s future – быть будущим общества
to be “lost” – быть «потерянным»
to be full of self-criticism – быть полным самокритики
frequent changes of mood – быстрая, частая смена настроения
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