Political System of Kazakhstan and of Great Britain

Ministry of education and science of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Academic E.A.Buketov’s Karaganda state university

R e p o r t

Theme: Political System of Kazakhstan and of Great Britain

Executed by: student of group

Abeuov E.

Karaganda- 2013

Content:

1. General information about RK.

2. Political System of Kazakhstan.

3. Head of State.

4. Legislative Branch.

5. Government.

6. Judicial branch.

7. Constitutional Council.

General information

Capital: Astana (since December 10, 1997).

Independence Day: December 16, 1991.

Monetary unit: Tenge – equal to 100 tyins. It was introduced on November 15, 1993.

Population: 15,4 million people (2007); density - 5,5 people per 1 sq km.

Location: Central Asian region, deep in the Eurasian continent; south of Russia and northwest of China.

Territory: Kazakhstan occupies 2724 900 sq km (i.e. 1049 150 sq miles) thus being the 9th largest country of the world.

Borders: Total length is 13 095 km with a sea border of 2964 km. The borderline between Kazakhstan and Russia - 7.512 km - is the longest land border in the world. Kazakhstan also borders China to the east for 1782,75 km, to the south - Turkmenistan for 426 km, Uzbekistan for 2134,2 km. and Kyrgyzstan for 1241,58 km. Kazakhstan has long coastline - it borders the Aral Sea, now split into two bodies of water, for 1,070 km, and the Caspian Sea for 1,894 km.

Climate: The climate of the country is sharply continental. Average temperature in January varies within - 19° - - 4° C while average July temperature fluctuates within + 19° - + 26° C. The lowest temperature in winter may go down to - 45° C with the highest one in summer + 30° C.

Natural resources: The world's largest reserves of barite, lead, tungsten, and uranium; second largest reserves of chromite, silver, and zinc; third largest of manganese; significant deposits of copper, gold, and iron ore; oil and gas reserves of world class. Current oil reserves estimates 32,5 billion barrels (twice as much as the North Sea). 100-110 billion barrels - projected oil reserves by 2015 (would be in top 5 of the world). Current gas reserves – 2 trillion cubic metres; 5 trillion cubic metres - projected gas reserves by 2015.

Ethnic diversity: Kazakh 58,9%, Russian 25,9%, Ukrainian 2,9%, Uzbek 2,8%, German 1,5%, Tatar 1,5 %, Uighur 1,5%, and other groups – 4,3. There are more than 100 ethnic groups.

Religions: Kazakhstan is a secular state, but Sunni Islam is the major religion (47% of believers). The Russian Orthodox Church is the dominant Christian church (44%). There are also Protestant (2%), Roman Catholic (1%) and more than 40 other religious confessions.  
 
Languages: Kazakh is the state language of the Republic. Russian language enjoys the status of the official under the Constitution. Kazakhstan has officially announced its aspiration to become a trilingual nation to help meeting its ambitious goals. These will be Kazakh as the state language, Russian as the language of interethnic communication, and English as the language of successful integration into the global economy and community.

Administrative division: Administratively Kazakhstan is comprised of 14 regions (oblasts), 84, 159 districts, 241 settlements, 2,042 rural (aul) counties.

Major Cities: Astana, Almaty (former capial), Karaganda, Shymkent, Pavlodar, Taraz, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Uralsk, Kostanay, Aktobe, Petropavlovsk, Semey, Aktau, Atyrau, Kokshetau.

Time: Kazakhstan has three time zones:  
Eastern/Main Zone: GMT + 6  
Central Zone: GMT + 5  
Western Zone: GMT + 4

National Holiday: 
16 December – Independence Day

Other Holidays: 
1-2 January – New Year 
8 March - International Women's Day 
22 March - Nauryz Meiramy (the holiday of Nauryz) 
1 May - Unity Day of the People of Kazakhstan 
9 May - Victory Day 
6 July - Day of Astana 
30 August – Day of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan 
25 October – Republic Day 

 

Political System of Kazakhstan

The Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan provides for a democratic, secular and presidential system of rule. State governance is divided between executive, legislative and judicial branches. President is a head of state.On May 21, 2007 President of Kazakhstan signed a Law amending the Constitution. These changes enlarge the power of the Parliament, enhance the role of political parties, thus transforming Kazakhstan from presidential into presidential-parliamentary republic.

Head of State:      President Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev.

The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan determines the main directions of the domestic and foreign policy of the state and represents Kazakhstan within the country and in international relations.The President of the Republic is the guarantor of the unity of the people and the state power, inviolability of the Constitution, rights and freedoms of an individual and citizen.

Web-Site: http://www.akorda.kz/

Legislative Branch:    Kazakhstan has a bicameral Parliament, which consists of the Senate (the upper house) and Majilis (House of Representative).

Web-site: http://www.parlam.kz/

The 47-member Senate is made up of two elected representatives from each of Kazakhstan's 14 regions, cities of Astana and Almaty. Representatives serve terms of two, four or six years. Several members of the Senate represent the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan. The Senate is empowered to adopt laws in the period of temporal absence of the Majilis or due to termination of its tenure.Chairman of the Senate Mr. Kassym Jomart Tokayev.

Majilis 98 members of the Majilis are elected in accordance with the proportional electoral system (party lists), 9 – by the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan in order to take into account the interests of the major ethnic groups. Deputies of Majilis serve a term of six years. Chairman of the Majilis Mr.Aslan Mussin.

Government is the supreme executive body of Kazakhstan. Prime-Minister, head of the Government, is appointed by the President after consultations with political fractions of the Parliament and upon approval by the majority of the members of the Mazhilis. The Prime-Minister shall represent the political party having majority in the Parliament.

Web-site: http://www.government.kz/

 

Serik Akhmetov- prime minister 
Mr. Omyrzak Shukeyev - first deputy prime minister (indusrty) 
Mr. Yerbol Orynbayev - deputy prime minister (macroeconomics, human capital) 
Mr. Serik Akhmetov - deputy prime minister (transport, housing and communal services) 
Mr. Danial Akhmetov - minister of defence  
Mr. Marat Tazhin - minister of foreign affairs  
Mr. Vladimir Bozhko - minister of emergency situations  
Mr. Baurzhan Mukhamedzhanov – minister of interior  
Mr. Akylbek Kurishbayev - minister of agriculture 
Mrs. Zagipa Balieva - minister of justice 
Mr. Jaksylyk Doskaliyev - minister for public health care 
Mr. Gulshara Abdykhalykova - minister of labour and social protection  
Mr. Abilgazy Kussainov - minister of transport and communication 
Mr. Bolat Zhamishev – minister of finance 
Mr. Bakhyt Sultanov - minister of economy and budget planning 
Mr. Nurgali Ashimov - minister of environment protection 
Mr. Mukhtar Kul-Mukhammed - minister of culture and information 
Mr. Temirkhan Dosmukhanbetov - minister for tourism and sport 
Mr. Sauat Mynbayev - minister for energy and mineral resources minister 
Mr. Vladimir Shkol'nik - minister of industry and trade 
Mr. Zhanseit Tuimebayev - minister of education and science

Judicial branch:

The legal system of Kazakhstan owes its origin to the Continental (Roman-German) legal family. The Constitution, respective normative legal acts, international treaties, as well as the normative resolutions of the Constitutional Council, and Supreme Court of Kazakhstan constitute the actual law in Kazakhstan. The international treaties ratified by Kazakhstan generally have priority over its laws and, such treaties can either apply directly/automatically, or, after the adoption of a law where the treaty itself provides that, for its application, a law must be adopted.

Web-site: http://www.supcourt.kz/

Judicial functions are exercised only by courts of law. Judicial functions are exercised by application of civil, criminal and other forms of judicial proceedings as established by law. The courts of the Republic are as follows: the Supreme Court and local courts of law of the Republic.

Arbitration mechanisms exist in Kazakhstan. In December 2004 Kazakhstan has adopted Laws “On international commercial arbitrage” and “On courts of arbitration” to provide alternative dispute resolution mechanisms.

Constitutional Council has a major role in considering disputes on conducting elections. The Council examines the conformity of the laws to the Constitution.

It provides with official interpretation of the Constitutional norms; drwas the conclusions of the observance of the established constitutional proceedings.

The Head of Constitutional Council Mr. Igor Rogov.

web-site: http://www.constcouncil.kz/