Модальные глаголы

The modal verb dare may be defective or regular. As a defective verb dare

has two forms: dare for the present

tense and dared for the past tense. It is used chiefly in interrogative and

negative sentences. It has the meaning—to have the courage or independence to do

something, to venture.

How dare he speak to you like that? (I wonder at such impudence.)

How dare you sneak into my room like this?

As a regular verb dare has a limited paradigm of finite forms and no verbals. It may have two meanings: 

1. To venture, to have the courage or impudence (like the defective dare). In this

sense it is used mainly in negative statements.

He didn't dare to stop me (he didn't have the courage). She doesn't dare to answer. Don't you dare to touch me.

2. To challenge, to defy.

I dared him to jump (I challenged him to do it).

    I dare you to say this straight to her face. — Попробуй, скажи ей это" прямо в лицо.

Note the following combinations with the modal verb dare.

I dare say—I suppose, no doubt.

Modal Verbs of Probability

 

  Listed below are examples and uses of modal verbs of probability.   Modal verbs of probability are used to express an opinion of the   speaker based on information that the speaker has. Example: He must   be at work, it's 10 o'clock. In this case, the speaker is 100 % sure that the person is at work based on the speaker's knowledge that the   person in question usually works at during the day.                   Examples Usage

            They must be in Spain by now.

            She must have done well on the test.Use 'must' plus the verb

            when you are 100% (or almost 100%) sure that something is the

                  case.

             She might come this evening.

             David may invite Jesica to the match.

             Jack might have gone to France.Use 'might' or 'may' to express                   an opinion that you think has a good possibility of being true.

                  Jane could be at work.

                  Peter could have arrived late.Use 'could' to express a

possibilty which is one of many. This form is not as strong as

                  'might' or 'may'. It is just one of a number of possibilities.

                  You can't be serious!

                  They can't have worked until late. Use 'can't' to express an

                  opinion that you are 100% sure is NOT true.

                  Notice that the past form remains 'can't have done'

                  Structure

                  In the present: Subject + Modal + Base Form + Objects

                        I

                        You

                        He, She

                        We

                        They must be

                        might be

                        could be

                        can't beat work.  

                  In the past: Subject + Modal + Perfect Form + Objects

                        I

                        You

                        He, She

We

                        They must have left

                        might have left

                        could have left

                        can't have leftearly.

            Modal Verbs of Probability Quiz

            Use must, might, may, could or can't plus the correct form of the             verb.

            Where is David? He  -- must be (be) at school. Classes begin at 8.

            She  -- can't think (think) that it is a good idea. It's crazy!

            I'm absolutley sure!. They  -- must have arrived (arrive) yesterday,

            I saw their ticket.

            Courses  -- might OR may begin (begin) the fifth of September.

            Are you joking! David  -- can't have gone (go) to Paris last week.

            He doesn't have enough money.

            They  -- could live (live) in New York, but I'm not sure.

            The concert  -- must have been (be) wonderful last night. Fiore is a

            great conductor.

           How these modal  verbs W. Shakespeare used in his SONNETS

                The epoch of WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE in the language  enters during early newenglish language covering second half XV of century and first half XVIII of century. English language of this period represents the further and quite objective development of system of English language of the prior period.

As to a verb, here we notice almost complete destruction of system of verbs with alternation,

that lost the it's system character due to complex phonetic changes of this period and

saved as an element of old quality up to now. At this time also there was a transition

of a row of verbs with alternation to group of verbs with suffix. Besides by new in

morphological system of English language the intensive development of the analytical

forms of a verb and not personal forms of a verb was. 

    Nevertheless, the epoch of Shakespear, which English historians normally name  Elizabeth epoch , on a name the queen Elizabeth I (years of government 1558 - 1603), was not time of absolute language instability and chaos, as her sometimes scientific XIX of century liked to represent . It was only period of more freely coexisted variants and many some more functional archaisms. The affinity of colloquial and literary book language has caused that impression of „freedom" of English language of that time, which has developed at many philologists. Э.Ebbot writes: „ English language  of Elizabeth I epoch on the first sight very strongly differs from modern themes, that in first any of abnormality both in education of words, and in the offers, are quite admitte. First, almost each part of speech can be used in a role of any other part of speech. Secondly, we meet with an extreme variety of apparent grammatic discrepancies. At closer analysis, however, these anomalies apparent chaotic and inexplicable, are distributed on the certain headings. It is necessary to remember, that  the Elizabeth I (period was a transitive stage in a history of English language ". 
 
 
 
 

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