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Развитие лексикографии. Основные типы словарей.Что такое словарь,его компоненты и функции.
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………...8
1 Lexicography as a science of а dictionary compiling……………………………...10
1.1 The principal aspects of lexicography…………………...………………………11
1.2 The notion of a dictionary…………………………...…………………………..12
1.2.1 The principal functions of a dictionary………………………………………...12
1.2.2 The basic components of a dictionary…………………………...………....….13
1.3 Historical development of British lexicography…………………………………13
1.4 Historical development of American lexicography……………...………………17
1.5 The characteristics of Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learner.…..18
1.6 The basic types of English dictionaries and parameters of their classification….19
1.7 Some essential problems of lexicography………...……………………………..20
1.8 Prescription and description of dictionaries……………………………………..23
1.9 Comparison between monolingual and multilingual dictionaries………...……..24
1.10 Modern trends in English lexicography……………....…………………….......25
1.10.1 Corpus-based linguistics in modern lexicography……………………………26
1.10.2 Computational linguistics in modern lexicography…………………………..27
1.10.3 The potential of an electronic dictionary……………………………...……...27
2 Development of lexicography……………………………………………………..28
2.1 Investigation of dictionary usage………………………………………………...28
2.2 The method of bilingual dictionary usage…………………………………...…..29
2.3 The method of bilingual phraseology dictionary usage………………………….31
2.4 The method of bilingual slang dictionary usage………………………………....31
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………...…32
Bibliography……………………...………………………………………………….34
Appendix……………………...…………………………………………………..…35
Bibliography
1 David Crystal, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language (Second Edition) - Cambridge University Press, 2003. – 25 p.
2 Weiner E.S.C., The Oxford Miniguide to English Usage – OUP, 1987. – 150 p.
3 Borisova L.M., Fomenko O.V., Introduction to English Philology – Kolomna, 2004. – 102-104 p.
4 Аракин В.Д., История английского языка М. 1985. – 56 p.
5 Блох М.Я., Теоретическая грамматика английского языка, М.1994. – 28 p.
6 Леоньтева С.Ф., Теоретическая фонетика английского яз., М. 1988. – 331 p.
7 Arnold I.V., English Word – Moscow, 1973. – 27 p.
8 Benson M, Benson E, The BBI Combinatory Dictionary of English Language – Amsterdam, 1986. – 44 p.
10 В. Арнольд – Лексикология современного английского языка (на английском языке). – 55 c.
11 T. Sue Atkins and Michael Rundell, The Oxford Guide to Practical Lexicography, 2008, Oxford University Press – Oxford linguistics. – 93 p.
12 Карпова О. М. Английская лексикография. Учебное пособие. М.: Изд. центр «Академия», 2010. – 99 c.
13 Hartman R.R.K. On Theory and practice / / Lexicography: Principle and Practice. – London – New York: Academic Press, 1983. – 11 р.
14 Wiegand Herbert Ernst On the Structure and Contents of a General Theory of Lexicography / / Proceedings Papers from the International conference on Lexicography. – Exeter 9-12 September, 1983. – 20 р.
15 Dubois J., Dubois C. Introduction a’la Lexicographie: le Dictionaraire. – Paris, 1971. – 105 р.
16 В.В. Катермина – Лексикология английского языка 2010. – 57 c.
17 Householder Fred W. and Saporta Sol. Lexicographic Definition in Descriptive Semantics / / Problems in Lexicography. – Bloomington: Indiana University, 1975. 26 – 45 р.
18 Moe, Ronald. 2003. «Compiling dictionaries using semantic domains». – 11 p.
19 Peck, Charles W. 1989. «Some notes on making bilingual dictionaries». – 124 p.
20 Антрушина Г.Б.и др., Лексикология английского языка М. 2000. – 360 p.
21 В. Н. Крупнов – Лексикографические аспекты перевода 1987. – 24 c.
22 Н. Б. Гвишиани – Modern English Studies 2000. – 157 p.
23 Розина Р.И. Новое в теории и практике
англоязычной лексикографии / / Советская
лексикография. - М.: Русский язык, 1988. 252
– 272 с.
Appendix A
A
Brief History of English Lexicography
| (1) Latin and French Glossaries | |||
| Year | Author /Editor | Dictionary | Size /Type |
| 1440 | Parvulorum | Storehouse [of words] for children or clerics | English-Latin |
| 1476 | Caxton | Printing in England | English-Latin |
| 1480 | Caxton | French-English Glossary | French-English |
| 1499 | Caxton | Promptorium | «hard words» |
| 1500 | Hortus Vocabularum | Garden of Words | Latin-English |
| 1533 | John Withals | A Short Dictionary for Yong Beginners | English-Latin |
| 1538 | Sir Thomas Elyot | Dictionary (Bibliotheca Eliotae) | Latin-English |
| 1565 | Thomas Cooper | Thesaurus of the Roman Tongue and the British | French-English |
| (2) Early English Dictionaries: The Seventeenth Century | |||
| Year | Author /Editor | Dictionary | Size /Type |
| 1552 | Richard Huloet | Abecedarium Anglo-Latinum | English-Latin-(Fr.) |
| 1582 | Richard Mulcaster | Elementary | 8,000 words |
| 1588 | Thomas Thomas | Dictionarium Linguae Latinae et Anglicanae | Latin-English |
| 1598 | John Florio | A World of Words | Italian-English |
| 1604 | Robert Cawdrey | A Table Alphabetical | 2,500 words |
| 1616 | John Bullokar | An English Expositor | 5,000 words |
| 1623 | Henry Cockeram | The English Dictionary | 3 parts |
| 1656 | Thomas Blount | Glossographia | |
| 1658 | Edward Phillips | The New World of English Words | |
| 1673 | Thomas Blount | A World of Errors Discovered in the New World of Words | |
| 1676 | Elisha Coles | An English Dictionary | 25,000 words |
| (3) The Beginning of Modern Dictionary Practice: The Eighteenth Century | |||
| Year | Author /Editor | Dictionary | Size /Type |
| 1702 | John Kersey | A New English Dictionary | 28,000 words |
| 1704 | John Harris | An Universal English Dictionary of Arts and Sciences | |
| 1706 | John Kersey | Philips's New World of English Words | 38,000 words |
| 1721 | Nathan Bailey | An Universal Etymological English Dictionary | 40,000 words |
| 1727 | Nathan Bailey | An Universal Etymological English Dictionary Volume II | 2 parts |
| 1728 | Ephraim Chambers | An Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences | |
| 1730 | Nathan Bailey | Dictionarium Britannicum | 48,000 words |
| 1747 | Samuel Johnson | Plan of a Dictionary of the English Language | |
| 1749 | Benjamin Martin | Lingua Britannica Reformata | |
| 1755 | Samuel Johnson | A New Universal English Dictionary | 40,000 words |
| (4) Dictionaries of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries | |||
| Year | Author /Editor | Dictionary | |
| 1757 | James Buchanan | Linguae Britannicae | |
| 1764 | William Johnston | Pronouncing and Spelling Dictionary | |
| 1764 | John Entick | Spelling Dictionary | |
| 1773 | William Kenrick | A New Dictionary of the English Language | |
| 1780 | Thomas Sheridan | A General Dictionary of the English Language | |
| 1783 | Noah Webster | The American Spelling Book | |
| 1791 | John Walker | Critical Pronouncing Dictionary and Expositor of the English Language | |
| 1818 | Henry Todd | Johnson's Dictionary | |
| 1820 | Albert Chalmers | Todd-Johnson with Walker's Pronunciations | |
| 1828 | Joseph E. Worcester | Chalmers's Dictionary | |
| 1828 | Noah Webster | An American Dictionary of the English Language | |
| 1830 | Joseph Worcester | Comprehensive Pronouncing and Explanatory Dictionary of the English Language | |
| 1837 | Charles Richardson | A New Dictionary of the English Language (cf. OED) | |
| 1841 | Noah Webster | An American Dictionary of the English Language new edition | |
| 1846 | Joseph Worcester | Universal and Critical Dictionary of the English Language | |
| 1857 | Richard Chenevix Trench | Some Deficiencies in Our English Dictionaries (cf. OED) | |
| 1860 | Joseph Worcester | A Dictionary of the English Language | |
| 1864 | Noah Porter | A Dictionary of the English Language | |
| 1882 | Charles Annandale | The Century Dictionary | |
| 1890 | George and Charles Merriam | International Dictionary | |
| 1893 | Funk & Wagnalls | Standard Dictionary of the English Language | |
| (5) Dictionaries of the 20th Century | |||
| Year | Author /Editor | Dictionary | |
| 1909 | George and Charles Merriam | International Dictionary | |
| 1913 | Funk & Wagnalls | New Standard Dictionary of the English Language | |
| 1927 | The New Century Dictionary | ||
| 1928 | Oxford English Dictionary | ||
| 1934 | Webster's New International Dictionary | ||
| 1938 | Irving Lorge & Edward Thorndike | A Semantic Count of English Words | |
| 1947 | American College Dictionary | ||
| 1947 | Funk & Wagnalls | New College Standard | |
| 1953 | David Guralnik & Joseph Friend | Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language | |
| 1961 | Philip Babcock Gove | Webster's Third New International Dictionary | |
| 1963 | Philip Babcock Gove | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary | |
| 1966 | Random House | The Random House Dictionary of the English Language | |
| 1968 | Random House | Random House Dictionary, College Edition (Random House College Dictionary) | |
| 1969 | American Heritage Dictionary | ||
| 1973 | Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary | ||
| 1983 | Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary | ||
Appendix B
Types of dictionaries