Кредитная политика банка

                                            Content

Introduction……………………………………………………………….............3

1.CREDIT POLICY OF BANK

1.1The content of credit policy…………………………………………………...4

1.2Coals, Adjectives of  credit policy…………………………………………….6

2.ANALYSIS OF CREDIT POLICY IN BANKS

1. Current state of credit policy of Sberbank………………………………….8

2.2Current state of credit policy of Gazprom bank…………………………..10

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….12

Bibliography……………………………………………………………………..14

Glossary………………………………………………………………………….15 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

                                                 

                                                   Introduction

 Credit policy is an internal document of the bank, determining main approaches to lending and borrowing requirements, taking into account the prevailing current economic situation. Credit policy is the philosophy (general approach, the concept of) the credit of the bank, establishes a strategic framework lending activities. The policy does not answer the question "how", dedicated to addressing this issue instructions and regulations on lending. Politics is a general guide to action in the service of the bank credit.

  Bank's credit policy, as a rule, contains mandatory requirements for the borrower to the bank. These requirements are at the stage of the application to obtain short-term or long-term loan ( the bank guarantee / issue of the extension of credit). Requirements, for example, may include a minimum acceptable level of financial stability of the potential borrower (the requirements for the level of creditworthiness), the adequacy of the borrower's equity, limiting the maximum leverage of the assets and revenues of the borrower, and the like.

 In writing the work I put the following objectives: 
- Explore the concept of the bank's credit policy, its objectives and content 
- To examine and compare  credit policy Gazprom bank and Sberbank.

 The object of study - the bank's credit policy.

 Subject of investigation - the content and purpose of credit policy Gazprom bank and Sberbank. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

                                    1. CREDIT POLICY OF BANK                    

                                  1.1 The content of monetary policy

Bank's credit policy, as a rule, contains mandatory requirements for the borrower to the bank. These requirements are at the stage of the application to obtain short-term or long-term loan ( the bank guarantee / issue of the extension of credit). Requirements, for example, may include a minimum acceptable level of financial stability of the potential borrower (the requirements for the level of creditworthiness), the adequacy of the borrower's equity, limiting the maximum leverage of the assets and revenues of the borrower, and the like. May be marked preference for the activities of potential borrowers.

Also, the policy contains the requirements for the structure and collateral, for example, stipulate the permissible cases taking less liquid collateral (eg, goods in circulation), spelled out the mandatory share highly liquid collateral in total security.

In determining the parameters of the loan, the policy contains a pricing strategy of the bank, that is the procedure for establishing and determining the amount of payment for the loan - interest and commissions of the bank, the possibility of changing interest rates on existing credit agreements, depending on the current changes in interest rates on new loans. The policy can be labeled a form provided by Bank lending to the borrower, loan purpose.

Credit policy may set ceilings borrower lending limits (group of related borrowers)¹. The Bank aims to increase its loan portfolio within reasonable limits, while avoiding unacceptable concentrations of credit risk, for example, by sector, by territory, by type, on purpose. Here too, the bank develops specific approaches and sets its limits.

Further, the policy can be provided and a separate order for credit transactions in relation to special categories of borrowers, for example, with indirect signs of problematic. This category requires the most cautious approach, in particular, in determining whether to continue lending.

The credit policy also provides the recommended requirements for the employee of the bank of the current monitoring of outstanding loans to borrowers for early detection of asset quality is deteriorating, the timely adoption of measures to readjustment of debt (if necessary) and to adequately assess the level of risk, respectively, formed by the size of the allowance for losses on the loan.

Requirements for the Bank's credit policy

Credit policy must meet the current market situation. To maintain the monetary policy of the commercial bank-to-date requires regular study of the provisions set forth therein. Revised policy lending institutions shall, as a rule, at least once a year. In the current fairly rapidly changing economic situation, monetary policy is reviewed more frequently. Review is possible as the "top" and "bottom". Who, if not credit the employee, daily faced with different, often non-standard situations in working with clients, see "thin" space policy and can make rational suggestions for its correction. Banks try to stick as close to the realities of modern life credit strategy.

 Bank's credit policy should not contradict the legislation of the Russian Federation and the general direction of economic development. Bank, when placing credit must follow the following criteria:

- The requirements of the Central Bank and the Russian legislation,

- Mission and goals adopted by the bank,

- The credit culture of the bank,

- The concept of risk management.

Differences lending policies of commercial banks derive from the objectives of the particular features of the bank, areas of activity covered by the bank market segment, the size of the lending bank, experienced staff, the current competitive situation and other similar factors.

Thus, monetary policy is an important part, more precisely, defining an "active" part of the overall banking policy in terms of allocation of borrowed resources (liabilities) in the working sector of the economy. In fact, monetary policy determines the level of risk, which is ready to assume the bank providing credit (bank guarantee) to the borrower. 

       

                        1.2 Goals and objectives of monetary policy

 Credit policy is an internal document of the bank, determining main approaches to lending and borrowing requirements, taking into account the prevailing current economic situation. Credit policy is the philosophy (general approach, the concept of) the credit of the bank, establishes a strategic framework lending activities. The policy does not answer the question "how", dedicated to addressing this issue instructions and regulations on lending. Politics is a general guide to action in the service of the bank credit.

 As one of the main objectives of monetary policy supports placing high-liabilities (including attracting deposits) in bank loan products while maintaining a certain level of quality loan portfolio of the bank. The quality of loan portfolio affects the current level of concern and outstanding loan debt. Considered overdue outstanding debts on time, not full of obligations of the borrower on the loan. Problem debt² - this debt with direct or indirect signs of actual existence or likelihood of problems in servicing the loan by the borrower and the timely performance of obligations of the borrower to the creditor bank. The lower proportion of the problem of arrears and the loan portfolio of the bank, the correspondingly higher quality loan portfolio. High-quality credit - is a secured loan, which will be repaid in due time without any problems and difficulties for the borrower.

Bank needs to maintain a reasonable balance between profitability and risk . Through the development of and compliance with bank credit policy seeks to minimize risk while receiving the maximum return on operations.

Credit policy adopted by senior management (board of directors or board of the bank), through this document delegated performers - loan officers. Accordingly, in the bank's credit policy delimited level decision-making level of authority to conduct certain activities and operations³.

One of the main objectives of monetary policy is to develop a unified approach to lending operations, particularly in the case of a branch network of a credit institution.

Thus, credit policy determines approaches, defines the general principles of lending commercial bank customers, determines the types of credits (loans), the powers of different levels of the bank's adoption of these issues, some operational details of credit procedures.

                          
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

                      2. ANALYSIS OF CREDIT POLICY IN BANKS

                          2.1 Current state of credit policy of Sberbank

 To begin with it should be noted that Sberbank is the oldest bank in our country, the principles of which evolved over the years. At the moment for borrowers (especially individuals) - the most profitable lender, as their proposed interest rates on loans are significantly lower than the rest. In this regard, Sberbank has high requirements for potential borrowers, which in turn affects the operation of the credit department.

Every department of any organization - it's an isolated world, living by their own laws and orders, adhering to certain principles and schemes of work. Of course, for the success of the organization as a whole need concerted action of all its subsidiaries. There is no important or unimportant parts, but, nevertheless, among them there is a high or low performing tasks.

 Applicable to credit institutions, several departments determine the work of others. This unit cash management services, foreign exchange, securities and plastic cards and of course credit. On them depends the economic situation of the bank, its position in the financial markets, the ability to carry out performance of the business plan and much more. Therefore, the work of each of these units should be designed and built well.

Each major branch offices of any lender Sat has a unit. Work of the department can be divided into three stages involved in the process of loan:

1. Design stage of loan application.

2. Stage of the application and decide on it.

3. Stage of signing the credit agreement and a loan.

Responsible for each stage of relevant staff⁴.

1. At the stage of registration and applying for credit for the work of the first to accept credit counselors. They usually meet potential borrowers in the operating room, but can be directly in the department. They help to determine the lending program, choose the best option to fill in the required documents, ie make the application process as comfortable and fast for both sides. Further work is taken for loan officers, which may engage in certain types of design as both borrowing and different. The inspector checks the borrower provided documents, calculates the amount and term of the loan, determines the need for and ensure the availability of its supporting documents. On his shoulders rests the task of inspectors also determine the solvency of the borrower on the basis of information provided to them. In addition, with the consent of the borrower is requested to credit bureaus in order to establish its reliability.

2. Loan application can be quite long (compared to other banks), up to 10 working days. It begins with the design of the credit of the borrower, which is then passed to the security service. This section documents and data provided by the client are thoroughly checked for authenticity and relevance to reality. Also, check "criminal past" the borrower or his relatives. All information collected remains in the hands and returned to the loan officer. After a full registration dossier submitted to the client checks the credit manager, and later Secretary of the credit committee for inclusion in the registry of cases for review.

The composition of the bank's credit committee consists of representatives (chiefs or their deputies) and other departments: economic, legal, security, accounting and control department. In branch offices, where there is a credit department, but no representatives of the services, set its decision-making, but it is still a loan before it is all installed instances. On the committee, each inspector is the affairs of its clients.

3. After making a positive decision by the credit committee shall notify the inspector of the borrower, he appoints the date of issuance and loan proceeds to prepare the necessary documents (loan agreement, pledge agreement or guarantee, and others). Forms of contracts agreed with the lawyers and signed by the bank management.

On the day the loan is signing the contract. At the same time and the borrower and guarantors must appear in person. After the inspection, findings and distribution of all copies of the contract the borrower escorted into the operating cash of the bank, where he actually gets long-awaited loan. After that, he can only repay it properly. But the work of a loan officer does not end there. It provides information about the borrower to the credit bureau, and then begins to monitor the timely repayment of loans to its customers until the expiration of the contract. In large offices, these functions may be delegated to employees of the department support the credit agreements.

The work of the credit department of the bank has high responsibility, attentiveness, demanding to borrowers, but at the same time we must make sure that the client is left unnoticed, and the process of obtaining the loan was connected only with positive emotions. Therefore, the work of loan officers - is not only professionalism, but also a kind of art. 

                     2.2  Current state of credit policy of Gazprom bank

 Gazprom bank's credit policy is based on compliance with such

generally accepted principles of lending as the urgency of repayment, serviceability and security.

The main priorities of monetary policy Gazprom bank are⁵:

• lending to enterprises and organizations within the framework of

"Gazprom";

• lending to companies - partners of the gas industry;

• lending to industries that provide development and

technical renovation of production capacities of enterprises and organizations of the gas industry;

• lending to other cost-effective real sector of Russian economy, including organizations of exporters.

The amount of loans to enterprises and organizations grew in 20010 by 1.4 times and reached 42.5 billion rubles. In 2009 the loan portfolio reached 53.7 billion Gazprom bank rub. Bank of the volume of credit investments in the economy is among the leaders of the Russian banking system.

The Bank maintains key sectors of Russian economy - gas, oil, nuclear, chemical and petrochemical, ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, electric power, machine building and metal processing, transportation, construction, communications, agriculture, trade and other industries.

  About 80% of loans accounted for businesses and organizations of the gas industry and their partners.

The most significant projects, which provides credit services Gazprombank, related to the expansion of transit facilities for the export of Russian gas supplies to Western Europe, Turkey and the Balkan countries The construction of the vessel was carried out in Finland on credit provided by Gazprombank. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

                                                Conclusion

 Credit policy is an internal document of the bank, determining main approaches to lending and borrowing requirements, taking into account the prevailing current economic situation.

  Bank's credit policy, as a rule, contains mandatory requirements for the borrower to the bank. These requirements are at the stage of the application to obtain short-term or long-term loan. Requirements, for example, may include a minimum acceptable level of financial stability of the potential borrower (the requirements for the level of creditworthiness), the adequacy of the borrower's equity, limiting the maximum leverage of the assets and revenues of the borrower, and the like. May be marked preference for the activities of potential borrowers.

 Credit policy must meet the current market situation. To maintain the monetary policy of the commercial bank-to-date requires regular study of the provisions set forth therein. Revised policy lending institutions shall, as a rule, at least once a year. In the current fairly rapidly changing economic situation, monetary policy is reviewed more frequently. Review is possible as the "top" and "bottom". Who, if not credit the employee, daily faced with different, often non-standard situations in working with clients, see "thin" space policy and can make rational suggestions for its correction. Banks try to stick as close to the realities of modern life credit strategy.

 In our work we have considered the Sberbank and Gazprom bank. The difference is that Sberbank  implement policies to attract more sustainable resource than Gazprom bank. But at the Savings Bank liquidity is lower than with Gazprom bank. Gazprom bank high liquidity can be explained by the fact that it is a bank serving the Group OAO "Gazprom", it determines its need for liquidity Bole. Sberbank has received more money because the bank has a broader scope of resources. Due to the high levels of capital adequacy and profitability, Sberbank received higher ratings of rating agencies, compared with ratings of Gazprom bank.

 Thus, credit policy determines approaches, defines the general principles of lending commercial bank customers, determines the types of credits (loans), the powers of different levels of the bank's adoption of these issues, some operational details of credit procedures.