Автор: Пользователь скрыл имя, 20 Марта 2012 в 17:46, реферат
Реферат на английском языке об изобретениях человечества.
The story goes that an Arab named Khalid was tending his goats in the Kaffa region of southern Ethiopia, when he noticed his animals became livelier after eating a certain berry. He boiled the berries to make the first coffee. Certainly the first record of the drink is of beans exported from Ethiopia to Yemen where Sufis drank it to stay awake all night to pray on special occasions.
Coffee
Vision
Chess
Flying
Bathing
Distillation
The crank-shaft
Quilting
Architecture
Instruments
The windmill
The fountain pen
Carpets
The modern cheque
Gardens
Gardens were an Arab tradition long before Islam, so for Islam to claim this as an "invention", ignores thousands of years of pre-Islamic Arab culture, and not to mention the legendary Hanging Gardens of Babylon which were built by the Chaldean king Nebuchadnezzar II around 600 BC to please his sick wife, Amytis of Media. It also ignores the Roman tradition of gardens and fountains used for meditation and the beautifully artistic Chinese Suzhou gardens (770 - 476 BC) which were designed specifically for relaxation. The oldest pictorial records of gardens are from Ancient Egyptian tomb paintings. Much like modern gardens, they came complete with shelters, pools, shady walks, pergolas and plants growing in terracotta pots. In ancient times, temples contained what would be recognised as gardens. When they were closed to the public they became compounds for priests. Planting positions have been located in the Egyptian Temples of Hatshseput and Mentuhotep, and the Greek Temple of Hephaistos. Also one of the centerpieces of a Roman Period home was the oeci or (peristyle) garden.