Рroblem of Human resourses in Russian engineering industry

     Mechanical engineering has a huge importance in the Russian economy. It provides various equipment and machines all sectors of the economy produces many consumer goods (watches, refrigerators, etc.). Manufacture of many types of products require large expenditures of human labor, skilled workers. Particularly time-consuming instrumentation, production of computers and other new industries. These industries require the constant introduction of recent advances in science, then there are knowledge intensive. 
           Production is carried out by two driving forces: workers and machinery. And always very serious problem was the engine displacement of manual labor work. Currently in Russia there is no facility that would have existed without the help of latest technologies, such as conveyors, robots to assemble cars and the like. Make production more efficient can be achieved through the use of modern technology.

     A bright example of such technology could be the implementation of robotics and manipulators in the technological chain. Buy a robot manipulator is a profitable solution for production. Robot manipulators can automatically producing technology and service jobs. The first experiments of the development and production of industrial robots belong to the late 50's - early 60-ies. The first industrial robots in the modern sense of the word appeared in 1962 in the U.S., they were called "Unimait" and "Versatran" - it was automatic manipulators, created in the image of a human hand. A little later, in 1968, Kawasaki Heavy Industries has received a license for the manufacture of robots and created his first piece. Since then Kawasaki industrial robots are constantly improving. Sales of industrial robots - one of the main items of Japanese exports, and more than 40% of such equipment in the world - made ​​in Japan.

     We note the reasons for Russia, which occupies a leading position in engineering, seeks to promote the production of a large number of robotics:

1. Firstly - inspired by the successful efforts of other countries, especially Japan, the use of robots to improve production opportunities, tends to catch up as quickly as possible of generating possibilities and catch up with the absolute leader of innovative technologies;
2. Secondly - the robot are a large number of advantages compared with workers.

     Advantages of robotics: 
• the use of technological equipment in three shifts, 365 days a year; 
• robot manipulator provides a high level of precision operations and, consequently, improving product quality; 
• Optimizing the use of industrial premises; 
• absence of influence of human factors during monotonous work that requires high precision; 
• Industrial Controllers quickly recovered. 

              Thus, robots are ideal substitutes for human resources in cases when you want to chant the work requires a constant speed of action, or that which requires great strength, which is absent in humans. Unfortunately, for all the technologies needed to appropriate surveillance and constant updating of engineering technology. This is impossible without highly qualified professionals. Currently, the Russian machine-building industry is very acute problem of shortage of highly qualified personnel.

               To improve the skills of working directly in production in the Russian practice the basics of Japanese management. they are not new for the Russian industry, but these basis have been forgotten and is now recovering at the metal-consuming industries now as foreign management. There are a number of measures related to personnel training to be undertaken to Russian enterprises functioned at the level of the most advanced foreign firms (Japanese management):

     1) One of these measures is to educate the unity of all personnel to perform production tasks. It provides for minimal usage of leadership and prestige associated with domestic manufacturing facilities to possibilities, democratic behavior, a clear statement of production tasks to staff and a number of other similar actions to achieve the involvement of the entire team to the objectives of the company and the company. As a result of this policy, team and each worker must understand and share the objectives of the firm and partners feel the administration in addressing common challenges.

     2) an important part of this management is the care of the staff in the sphere, which in the Soviet Union was called the social. This is primarily for household labor and living conditions of personnel. Japanese firms provide comfortable working conditions, cheap and quality food in the company, common recreation, and in some cases medical care and housing.

     3) education In personel abilities for diffrent work. It consists in the fact that workers of many occupations and skill levels at Japanese firms move from one job to another, as it were horizontal, that is, acquire skills in related work, and often quite remote from the main specialties. This increases the understanding of each of the features of the entire production staff, other personnel problems, extends the skills and knowledge. This provides an opportunity to maneuver the labor force within the firm or company, if it becomes necessary for obtaining additional orders or reorientation of production.

     4) The fourth measure is creation of conditions for bringing a group of employees responsible for the results of labor. The most bright incarnation of it is the system of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). The system is an organizational structure that is a set of hierarchically interconnected small groups, designed to prevent technological failures in the functioning of the production forces of the staff. In this case, this problem is common to all, and its execution is possible only if the responsible for all this problem.

     5) The fifth measure is long-term employment. If some time ago we could speak of lifetime employment, but now are long-term guarantees unlikely that in any country. Nevertheless, without the stability of the labor contract and confidence in the duration of their relationship with the employing firm is not possible, many features of labor relations, who brought Japan a world leader in the manufacturing industry.

     6) The sixth measure - the development of the ideology of the firm. Currently, the need for such an ideology is recognized managers of large firms in different countries. Ideology is regarded as an essential tool for management decision-making in cases where the solutions are not instrumental in nature, as well as for public relations, including work with the staff of the firm.

     It seems to us that these six measures are a set of actions whose implementation would improve the quality of the enterprises in Russia by rallying their teams and provide them with effective teamwork. In addition, these measures allow to understand the basic drawbacks equipment malfunctions, to conduct necessary repairs and to suggest possible improvements.

     It turns out that the problem of Russian machine-building is not in competition robots and working with each other, and the shortage of skilled personnel who supervise the production process and operation of industrial robots. In my opinion the machine can never supplant the human factor in global industrial market. They are helpless without men. They created them and they are responsible for their invention.