Recreation facilities of the Crimea

Currently, the tourism potential of the Crimean peninsula can be estimated as follows:

- Historical and cultural resources:

In the Crimea over 11,500 historical monuments, culture and architecture, belonging to different historical epochs, civilizations, ethnic groups and religions. The most famous ones, for example, a complex of cave towns and monasteries, Genoese fortress, sacred places of various faiths and others are used as tourist attractions.  

- Landscaping Resources:

Five state parks, 33 reserve, 16 of them are of national importance, 87 natural monuments, 13 of them of national importance, 10 reserve tracts, etc.

- Treatment and mineral resources:

8 deposits of mineral waters, 15 deposits of curative mud.

- Territorial resources:

More than 90% of recreational facilities are concentrated in a narrow 3-mile coastal strip. In the deep areas (mountains and foothills) are located only a small (100 seats), malokomfortabelnye objects, though this "Crimean Switzerland" has all the necessary facilities and resources for recreational developing of high level.

- Activity-related resources:

Infrastructure development of environmental and social tourism in the countryside, the development of spa services in the new coastal areas of recreational development, the development of services for non-organized vacationers, the development of show business and entertainment industry, creating infrastructure for elite sports, the introduction of unique methods of treatment.  

Recreational facilities of the Crimea

Recreational facilities of the Crimea is based on a strong resource base. Among the recreational resources of the Crimea are: beaches (length is 517 km) and mineral water (debit - 30 thousand m3 / d), mud (the reserves - 24 million m3), and the sea, the sea and the forest air, climate, landscape (relief , vegetation, etc.).

Recreational enterprises are distributed unevenly on the territory of Crimea. They constitute the largest concentration in South and South-east coast of the Crimea - is placed in 51% of all sites of health resorts of the Republic, on the west bank - 39%, East - 8%, and hinterland - less than 3%. The least assimilated in the recreational plan the East Coast and quite mastered the territory Arabatska arrows Coast Kazantip bay. Approximately 97% of health centers are concentrated in a narrow three-mile coastal strip - this is the most comfortable resorts. In the deep areas (mountainous) posted smaller, less comfortable resorts: it is mostly children's camps, tourist camps, located on the tourist routes. Deep in the republic have all the necessary conditions for recreational development are:

- Picturesque landscapes of mountain and foothill valleys of the Crimea;

- The presence of mineral springs;

- Adequate infrastructure development (transport, communications);

- Availability of land and suitable sites for construction of buildings with lower costs.

Recreational complex of Crimea is mainly represented by companies specializing in the treatment - resorts, motels. In Crimea there are about 800 recreational enterprises (resorts) with a capacity of more than 200 thousand jobs, 40% of them year-round operation.  

The share of health resorts (resorts, pensions, recreation it.d.) accounted for 72% of all places of recreation network. Territorial structure of the network of health resorts form the southern and south-eastern coast of Crimea (64%), West (33%), East Coast of Crimea (about 1%), inside the territory (about 2%). The share of preventive treatment (Health) accounted for 28% of the seats. Motels are mainly concentrated on the southern coast of the Crimea and in Evpatoria (resort Evpatoria specializes in treating children - share of child seats 73%).  

A special place in the recreational sector, tourism of Crimea. ARC has an unusually great potential for development of a variety of types of tourism. This extraordinarily beautiful landscapes, as well as the possibility for everyone to choose the route of forces - from the lightest (nekategoriynyh) to overcome the most difficult ("Alpine" rock walls). The mild climate allows the Crimea to engage in tourism throughout the year. At the same time, the abundance of snow in mountain areas contributes to the appearance of unusual Crimea pure winter tourism - skiing and Alpine skiing. Especially attractive for tourists landscape resources that are exceptionally rich in Main Ridge of Crimean Mountains. This is a magnificent panorama: the gorge, waterfalls, intricate shapes created by weathering. A large part of tourists, especially older ones, interesting landscapes of the Crimean foothills by mild relief Inner and Outer ridge of Crimean mountains. Of course, it is very important for the development of tourism are the historical monuments of the Crimea. This ancient city of Hersonissos and Panticapaeum, Cave City Chufug Calais, Mangup, Eskn-Kerman, strong points of Genoese possessions: Soldayya (Pike), Kafa (Feodosia), Cembalo (Balaklava) and many others. The combination of mountains and sea, allows much of the tourist route ends long vacation on the beach.  

Development of tourism in the Crimea also contributes to a well-developed transport infrastructure that allows the shortest possible time on the bus, trolley and commuter trains to get to the top of the route. However, the number of vehicles is not always enough, especially in peak season.  

In Crimea, was developed as a regimented (planned) tourism, hook and amateur. Planned tourism is managed by joint stock company Krymtur "and has a strong logistical base. Planned travel service 18 tourism enterprises (hotels, bases), located in the mountainous Crimea and the coast.  

Crimea has a great potential for the development of amateur tourism. Major routes are marked trails, defined space for parking and overnight stays. Limiting factor in tourism development is the increased fire danger Crimean forests (especially in summer), as well as overflow capacity routes.  

Species of the economically active tourism in the Crimea was particularly the development of a pedestrian, Caving and sports climbing. Amateur tourism managed hiking clubs in towns and districts of the Crimea and Crimean Republican Center of Children's tourism and network stations for young tourists on the ground. Amateur tourists can take in the availability of the joint stock company "Krymtur, children's tourist base, but in general the power of material and technical base of amateur tourism is very limited.  

A number of tourist enterprises of the Crimea is aimed at serving foreign tourists. These include the Yalta (2620 seats), Oreanda (234 seats). Palace (80 seats), camping Glade of Fairy Tales (399 seats). The most frequently visited by foreigners include the cities of the Crimea, Yalta, Simferopol, Bakhchisarai.  

Further development of foreign tourism is constrained weak material and technical basis for acceptance and servicing of tourists. Impede the flow of foreign tourists and has developed in the Crimea, economic and political instability. In order to attract foreign tourists to go to large-scale construction of new highly comfortable tourist enterprises, the reconstruction and modernization of existing ones.

Problems of development and operation of a recreational complex of Crimea  

Despite the obvious socio-economic advantage of recreational facilities, in the economic structure of the republic, it is only the fifth largest number of people employed in it after industry, agriculture, construction industry and transport.  

Thus, the existing economic structure in the Crimea, the distribution system and investment policies are in complete contradiction with the demand of the population of the Commonwealth for recreational services, at odds with the natural complex and hardly differs from prevailing in the neighboring highly industrialized areas of Ukraine.  

It should be noted also that the discord in the country's economy led to the emergence of social inequalities in access to traditional seaside resorts recognized. So rest in the resorts of the Southern coast of Crimea was "elitist", accessible only not a big part of livelihood. As a result of soaring prices for health and spa vouchers occupancy of recreational enterprises is 10-60% even in the season, "peak". Increased seasonality factors and informal recreation, which makes recreational industry unprofitable and lead to the closure of these enterprises.  

The growth of the spontaneous and informal recreation, in turn, leads to a redistribution of holidaymakers along the coast of the warm seas of the country, leading to the spontaneous development of the Azov coast of Crimea, which contributes to acute deterioration of the ecological situation in the region.  

Therefore, under current conditions is necessary to develop and create tourist facilities and recreation, taking into account the above mentioned factors, namely, low solvency of the population and environmental conditions.

For the long-term need to radically restructure the investment policy in the Crimea in the establishment of this economic structure of the republic, which would give priority to the development of recreational functions. Territorial form of organization of the economy of the Crimea should serve a recreational complex with a range of industries to satisfy the requirements of the market and brings it closer to international standards of recreational businesses.