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ADVERBS: HOW TO FORM

Adjective + ly

sad	sadly	nervous	nervously
quiet	quietly	soft	softly

 

Adjectives ending in -y »»» -ily

happy

happily

angry

angrily

 

Adjectives ending in -le »»» -ly

terrible

terribly

capable

capably

 

Adjectives ending in -ly

friendly	in a friendly way / manner	daily	daily
lively	in a lively way / manner	early	early
lonely	in a lonely way / manner	monthly	monthly
lovely	in a lovely way / manner	weekly	weekly
silly	in a silly way / manner	yearly	yearly

 

Irregular forms

good	well	low	low
fast	fast	straight	straight
hard	hard	extra	extra
long	long	doubtless	doubtless

 

Double forms

hard	hard	hardly
near	near	nearly
late	late	lately
high	high	hihgly
easy	easy	easily

 

The following verbs can only be used with adjectives:

be          become          get          grow          keep          remain          seem          sound          stay          turn

 

General Adgective – Adverb Rules

Rule 1

Generally, if a word answers the question how, it is an adverb. If it can have an -ly added to it, place it there.

Examples:

She thinks slow/slowly.  She thinks how? slowly.

She is a slow/slowly thinker.  Slow does not answer how, so no -ly is attached. Slow is an adjective here.

She thinks fast/fastly.  Fast answers the question how, so it is an adverb. But fast never has an -ly attached to it.

We performed bad/badly. Badly describes how we performed.

 

Rule 2

A special -ly rule applies when four of the senses - taste, smell, look, feel - are the verbs. Do not ask if these senses answer the question how to determine if -ly should be attached. Instead, ask if the sense verb is being used actively. If so, use the -ly.

Examples:

Roses smell sweet/sweetly.  Do the roses actively smell with noses? No, so no -ly.

The woman looked angry/angrily. Did the woman actively look with eyes or are we describing her appearance? We are only describing appearance, so no -ly.

The woman looked angry/angrily at the paint splotches. Here the woman did actively look with eyes, so the -ly is added.

She feels bad/badly about the news.  She is not feeling with fingers, so no -ly.

 

Rule 3 Good vs. Well

The word good is an adjective, while well is an adverb.

verb	used with an adjective	used with an adverb
look feel smell taste	look good (= appearance) feel good (= state of health/mind) smell good (= odour) smell well taste good (= preference)	look well (= healthy) feel well (= have a good sense of touch) smell well (= have a good sense of smell) taste well (= have a good sense of taste)

Examples:

You did a good job.  Good describes the job.

You did the job well.  Well answers how.

You smell good today. Describes your odor, not how you smell with your nose, so follow with the adjective.

You smell well for someone with a cold.  You are actively smelling with a nose here, so follow with the adverb.

 

Rule 4

When referring to health, use well rather than good.

Example:

I do not feel well. You do not look well today.

Note: You may use good with feel when you are not referring to health.

Example:

I feel good about my decision to learn Spanish.

 

Rule 5

A common error in using adjectives and adverbs arises from using the wrong form for comparison. For instance, to describe one thing we would say poor, as in, "She is poor." To compare two things, we should say poorer, as in, "She is the poorer of the two women." To compare more than two things, we should say poorest, as in, "She is the poorest of them all."

 

Rule 6

Never drop the -ly from an adverb when using the comparison form.

Correct:

She spoke quickly.

She spoke more quickly than he did.

Incorrect:

She spoke quicker than he did.

Correct:

Talk quietly.

Talk more quietly.

Incorrect:

Talk quieter.

 

THE ROYAL ORDER OF ADVERBS

Verb	Manner	Place	Frequency	Time	Purpose
Beth swims	enthusiastically	in the pool	every morning	before dawn	to keep in shape.
Dad walks	impatiently	into town	every afternoon	before supper	to get a newspaper.
Tashonda naps		in her room	every morning	before lunch.
In actual practice, of course, it would be highly unusual to have a string of adverbial modifiers beyond two or three (at the most). Because the placement of adverbs is so flexible, one or two of the modifiers would probably move to the beginning of the sentence: "Every afternoon before supper, Dad impatiently walks into town to get a newspaper." When that happens, the introductory adverbial modifiers are usually set off with a comma.

Some Special Cases

The adverbs enough and not enough usually take a postmodifier position:

Is that music loud enough?    These shoes are not big enough.

In a roomful of elderly people, you must remember to speak loudly enough.

Notice, though, that when enough functions as an adjective, it can come before the noun:

Did she give us enough time?

The adverb enough is often followed by an infinitive:

She didn't run fast enough to win.

 

The adverb too comes before adjectives and other adverbs:

She ran too fast.     She works too quickly.

If too comes after the adverb it is probably a disjunct (meaning also) and is usually set off with a comma:

Yasmin works hard. She works quickly, too.

The adverb too is often followed by an infinitive:

She runs too slowly to enter this race.

Another common construction with the adverb too is too followed by a prepositional phrase — for + the object of the preposition — followed by an infinitive:

This milk is too hot for a baby to drink.