Особенности бизнеса в англоговорящих странах

Департамент образования

ГОУ СПО  Колледж связи №54 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Реферат

по дисциплине английский язык

на тему: «Особенности бизнеса в англоговорящих странах» 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Выполнила студентка                                                         Аносова Е.О

группы М9-4                                            

Проверил преподаватель                                                    Толстикова Т.А

английского языка                              
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Москва 2010 
 

MAINTENANCE: 
 
 

Introduction

1. Types of businesses in the UK
2. Forms of businesses in the USA

List of literature 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Introduction 

        International business relations are much older than we usually think. The epoch of global economy began, when prehistoric hunters first reached a tribe of prehistoric farmers and exchanged their products. Nowadays we define international business as all business transactions, involving 2 or more countries, and such a wide notion brings us to the idea, that international business is an extremely complex system, including different types of activities. Typically for market economy, people or organizations, involved in foreign business affairs, aim to maximize their profits, but the rule doesn’t work when we speak about governments, which may be motivated not only by profit prospects, but by other forces, like supporting financial stability or acquiring irreplaceable goods, needed to satisfy some vital social needs.

       So, international business is a maelstrom, where different people, nations and views interact. This process is contradictive, but we know that the truth is always born when contrasts meet. Let us hope, that people continue to multiply their wealth by trade, and not by missiles and machine guns.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

1. Types of businesses in the UK

 
 

     Most businesses in the United Kingdom operate in one of the following ways:

• sole trader
• partnership
• limited liability company
• branch of a foreign company

     The sole trader is the oldest form of business. There are many one-man owners, for example: a farmer, doctor, solicitor, estate agent, garage man, jobber, builder, hairdresser etc,

     The partnership is a firm where there are a few partners. They are firms of solicitors, architects, auditors, management consultants etc. The names of all the partners of the firm are printed on the stationery of a partnership.

     The most common type of company in the United Kingdom is the limited liabi1ity company. At the end of the name of such a company the word Ltd. is used. For example: Wilson and     Son Ltd.

     Many of such companies are joint-stock companies owned by shareholders.

     Limited liability companies are divided into public and private ones, Only public companies may offer shares to the public at the stock exchange. The names of such companies end in p.l.c. which stands for public limited company. For instance: John and Michael p.l.c.

     Private limited companies may not offer shares to the public.The names of such companies end simply in Ltd.

     A branch of a foreign company is a part of a company incorporated outside Great Britain but acting under the law of the UK. Usually these companies act in the UK under their normal foreign names.

     All partnerships and companies are regulated by the law of the UK or by Acts of Parliament, and are to be registered with the Registrar of companies. In order to be registered they are to deliver a few documents, namely:

• a certified copy of the company's charter
• statute
• memorandum and others

     When a company is registered a certificate of incorporation is issued by the Registrar. Here is one of the cerificates:

       - Duplicate for file No 989855

       -Certificate of Incorporation. 

2. Forms of businesses in the USA 

     Businesses in the USA may be organized as one of the following

forms:

• individual business
• general partnership
• limited partnership
• corporation
• alien corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

     An individual business is owned by one person.

   A general partnership has got several owners. They all are liable for debts and they share in the profits. 

 

     A limited partnership has got at least one general owner and one or more other owners. They have only a limited investment and a limited liability.

     A corporation is owned by persons, called stockholders. The stockholders usually have     certificates showing the number of shares which they own. The stockholders elect a director or directors to operate the corporation. Most corporations are closed corporations, with only a few stockholders. Other corporations are owned by many stockholders who buy and sell their shares at will. Usually they have little interest in management of the corporations,

     Alien corporations are corporations of foreign countries.

     All the corporations are to receive their charters from the state authorities. The charters state all the powers of the corporation. Many corporations try to receive their charters from the authorities of the State of Delaware, though they operate in other states. They prefer the State of Delaware because the laws are liberal there and the taxation is rather low. Such corporations, which receive their charters from an outside state are called foreign corporations.

     All the corporations require a certificate to do business in the state where they prefer to operate. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

     List of literature: 

1. Деловое общение на английском языке для начинающих. Коптюг Н.М. (2009, 167с.)
2. Теория и практика перевода. A. Паршин.
3. Английский язык. Интенсивный курс обучения.  Черненко Д.В. (2007, 240с.)
4. www.dailynewspaper.co.uk
5. www.independent.co.uk