Автор: Пользователь скрыл имя, 15 Декабря 2010 в 18:51, творческая работа
The Operation Reinhard camps stand out from the other camps where Jews were exterminated in two main ways. First, their only purpose was to kill Jews. They contributed nothing else to the German war effort unless it happened to be a byproduct of the killing. The money, the jewels, the clothing: none of these was the reason for the existence of the camps. They were merely a collateral advantage gained from them. Killing was the only reason for the camps, and as soon as there was no one left to kill, the camps were dismantled. And it must be remembered that the victims here were ordinary men, women and children who were killed because, and only because, they were Jews.
Annotation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operation Reinhard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operation's name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Organization of Operation Reinhard and establishment of the camps. . . . .
Operation of the Camps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
•Deadly Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
•The Killing Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
•Despoilment of the Dead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
•Concealment of the Dead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Destruction of the Camps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Final Death Toll. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Plunder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aftermath and cover up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Extermination camps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
•Belzec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
•Treblinka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
•Sobibor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
•Majdanek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
List of References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Among
German Nazi concentration camps, Majdanek was unusual in that it was
located near a major city, not hidden away at a remote rural location.
It is also notable as the best-preserved concentration camp of the Holocaust
- as it was close to the former Soviet border, there was too little
time for the Nazis to destroy the evidence before the Red Army arrived.
Conclusion
The largest single massacre action of the Holocaust, Operation Reinhard, which lasted twenty one months, from March 1942 to November 1943, was carried out by, and accomplished according to the plans of, the Nazi extermination machine. It was an integral and substantial part of the overall plan for the «Final Solution of the Jewish problem».
The commanders of Operation Reinhard, Globocnik, Wirth, and the SS men subordinate to them, succeeded in creating an efficient yet simple system of mass extermination by using relatively scanty resources. In each of the death camps — in Belzec, in Sobibor, and in Treblinka — a limited number of 20 to 35 Germans were stationed for purposes of command and supervision, and about 90 to 130 Ukrainians were responsible for guard duties. All the physical work in the extermination process was imposed on 700 to 1000 Jewish prisoners who were kept in each camp.
The layout and structure of the camps were adapted to serve the extermination system and procedure. They were relatively small and compact, which enabled permanent and strict control over the entire area and all activities in the camp. The material used to build the camps — lumber and bricks — and the means used for the extermination — a simple motor vehicle and ordinary petrol — were readily available in the immediate vicinity. Local workers and Jewish prisoners built the camps. All these elements made the entire operation independent of outside and distant factors. Anything needed for the smooth running of the extermination action could be procured in the surrounding areas within a short time. The killing system, as developed by Wirth, enabled the murder of tens of thousands of Jews every day in the three death camps under his jurisdiction.
The
German authorities succeeded in keeping the erection of the camps and
the activities there secret from the overwhelming majority
of the victims throughout Operation Reinhard. Even when rumors or some
information about Belzec and Treblinka, and, to a much lesser extent,
about Sobibor, reached the Jews still left in ghettos of the General
Government, the people were reluctant to believe them. It was much easier
to accept the Nazi Polish government decided to turn the camp areas
into national memorial sites. These memorials bear witness to the tragedies
and massacres that were carried out on these sites and will remain for
generations a mark of shame and disgrace, a reminder of the brutality
and inhumanity that were the essence of Nazi Germany, and a warning
to all peoples of the deadly dangers of racism and hatred.
References