Мая малая родина

Story      

Oblast town Upper Ufalej, located in the southern part of the eastern slope of the Middle Urals, in the upper reaches of Ufalej (tributary of Ufa), 178 km north-west of Chelyabinsk, Chelyabinsk region in the north, on the border with the Sverdlovsk region. Upper Ufalej - old Urals city founded in 1761 by a large factory owners Ivan Mosolov during construction iron works. The history begins with the Upper Ufaleya Ufaley Iset province of Orenburg province, established in 1761. Cities of district subordination Chelyabinsk Region Upper Ufalej began in 1941, in February of 1944 - a city of regional subordination. In the history of the city can be traced revolutionary, combat and labor traditions. In the years 1773-1774 ufaleytsy actively participated in the peasant uprising led by Pugachev. During the Second World War in 1812 many ufaleytsev selflessly worked for military orders. During the Civil War, formed the Red Guards, the mountain infantry regiments took part in the campaigns in the rear of the enemy, under the command V.K.Blyuhera. During World War Ufaleya workers, as in the whole Union, we lived under the motto: "All for the front, everything for victory." Between 1941 and 1945, the army was mobilized ten thousand ufaleytsev. From occupied areas of the country the city has three factories, a hospital, a thousand evacuees. Died on the fronts of World War II about three thousand ufaleytsev whose names are immortalized on memorial monuments., Ufaleytsy are proud of their heroes - Heroes of the Soviet Union P.F.Raspopinym, I.S.Eltsovym, V.A.Beloborodovym who repeated the feat A . M.Matrosova, which in February 1943 closed body recess machine gun bunker to move units. After the Great Patriotic War, the city lives by the same concerns as the rest of the country, making their work a significant contribution to the state five-year plan targets the country. Eleven times ufaleytsy representing the city at the congresses of the CPSU. For labor valor several ufaleytsev and awarded the honorary title of Hero of Socialist Labor. In 1774, the factory workers took part in the rebellion of Pugachev, in fighting Ufaley were seized and burned. Ufaley began to give the products as early as 1776, but was rebuilt Suhovyazsky only to 1791. August 25, 1841 due to the mismanagement of managing the government has factories Serginskoye Ufaley-mining district (including Ufaley) under official supervision. In February 1907, the Bolsheviks established Ufaley Kyshtym-organization of the RSDLP, which became the third largest in the Urals, which included more than 500 workers Ufaleya Upper and Lower, Upper and Lower Kyshtym, Nyazepetrovsk and several other villages. From March to October 1917 in the village were created Council of Workers' unions and a detachment of Red Guards. In July 1918, Upper Ufalej was captured by the Czechs. July 15, 1919 the village was liberated by Red Army soldiers of the 39th Infantry Regiment of the Fifth Infantry Division of the 2nd Army of the Eastern Front, commanded by red SV Domolazova. Since November 1923 Upper Ufalej was Ufaley urban villages near Sverdlovsk region of the Urals region. August 27, 1928 was granted the status of the camp, April 26, 1940 - the city. In August 1933, gave the first production firstborn nickel industry of the USSR Ufaley nickel plant. World fame Upper Ufalej received for its products - not only nickel, and cobalt in the world for the first time obtained on an industrial scale for Ufaley Nickel Plant May 1, 1937, as a gray marble (it was used in the construction of the Moscow Metro and Sverdlovsk, the reconstruction of Petrodvorets) and black marble, production of which was conducted in 1991. During the Great Patriotic War in the Upper Ufalej worked evacuated from Saratov, Lipetsk license factories, on the basis of which later grew the plant "Uralelement" Kiev "economizer" after the war merged with the steel plant - LLC "UZMM"). February 9, 1944 Upper Ufalej became a town of regional subordination.

Localities       

The population, according to the last census in 2002, amounts to 39,725 people. In the district live Russian, Tatar, Bashkir, Germans, Ukrainians, Belarusians and others. The city has the Bashkir and Tatar culture centers that conduct national holidays: Sabantuy, Eid, Christmas trees in their native language, visiting remote villages in concerts, festivals, dedicated to the work of national poets and writers. Ufaley constantly on the radio broadcasts are in the Tatar and Bashkir. Borovoe, etc. Dautova, § Itkul, p. Itkul, Kamenushka n, x. Cordon, § Korkodin, Nizhnij Ufalej, Oktyabrsky, § Polovinka Prigorodnoye's. Saima Selkov §, § Strong, § Builders Ukagach n, n Ufimka, § Cheremshanka, § Chusovoy.

Economy      

In the neighborhood: the deposits of nickel ores, iron ores. Being developed marble, peat, refractory clay, limestone. The leading industries are non-ferrous metallurgy, machine building, metalworking, food processing. Leading businesses in the town are of "Ufaleynickel", LLC "Ufaley metallurgical engineering." Dynamically developing companies are LLC "Uralmramor" Enterprise high production is an experimental plant road cars "Plant Dormash."

Social sphere     

The network of municipal health care in Upper Ufaleya includes five health facilities with total capacity of 475 beds. Provision of hospital beds 120, 7 to 10 thousand people. The city employs 71 physicians and 336 nurses. Indicators of doctors is 18 to 10 thousand people. Qualification category have 29 doctors, 193 nurses, of which the highest and the first in 92, 8, and 95 percent of physicians, 3 percent of nurses. The total number of educational institutions - 37. The city has 14 clubs, historical museum, stadium and several dozen athletic fields. In the last decade developing tourism infrastructure. Itkul Lake scenic spots attract lovers from all over the country. Tourist center of "Ufaleynickel", located on the lake, is a center of leisure tourism, able to take as many as a hundred people. Hotel services and facilities - accommodation packages and comfortable cottages, a leisure center with a pool hall for active recreation - skiing, catamarans, jet skis and more. Developed a guided tour about the history of the lake, the ancient sites and the sites.

Modernity      

Today in the Upper Ufalej produce its products following industries: JSC "Ufaleynickel" (non-ferrous metals), "Plant" Uralelement "(Electrical Engineering), LLC" UZMM "and LLC" Casting Center "(iron and steel), JSC" Plant "Dormash" (engineering), JSC "Uralmramor" (construction materials), OSU "Ufaley forest", LLC "Ufaleyhlebzavod" and car shed. OJSC "Ufaleynickel" - the second nickel producer in Russia, its share in total realized nickel metal in the domestic market is 15% and 1% in the world. "Ufaleynickel" was the first enterprise in the country for the production of nickel and the first pilot production base for developing new ways to extract nickel and cobalt. The enterprise is a complex with a full production cycle, from extraction of nickel ore and ending with finished products. Today the capacity of the plant can produce up to 15,000 tons of metal per year.  

In the total volume of output in the city forming enterprise JSC "Ufaleynickel" accounts for 61%.  

Attractions       

On the ancient history of the region Archeological finds along Lake Itkul: archaeologists in the early and mid-20th century found there parking, settlements, settlement 2-7-thousand-year-old production sites of ancient metallurgical itkultsev Bronze Age, Iron Age, burial mounds, burial. On the territory of Verhneufaleyskogo urban district are known Itkul 1 and 2 towns, and several Itkul Abselyamovskaya parking. Was inhabited in ancient times and the shores of Lake Arakul, rivers Ufa, Ufalej, Shigiri, Kizil. Characteristic of all the factory towns and big predzavodskaya was square with the church. The first church was built at the plant in 1805 (burned in 1810), in 1816 in its place erected a stone three-feast Holy Transfiguration Church (or White Church), the bulk of the church was made in the form of a rotunda, and resembled handwriting Russian architect Matvei Kazakov, in 1940, the church was blown up. Almost 100 years ago the village had three churches: two Orthodox and one Edinoverie. Years, the government and the ideology did not spare a single one. New Times back ufaleytsam Orthodox church, called the glory of the Nativity of the Virgin, built almost in place ever, Svyatotroitskogo temple, built in 1913 and destroyed in 1933 (brick church went to build shops firstborn nickel industry of the USSR Ufaley nickel plant). Predzavodskaya area - witness history: the riots, unrest artisan village visits by scientists, including D. Mendeleev, the events of the Revolution and the Civil War. It was a monument to liberation of the peasantry, which was built in 1871, in 1918 on the site of the monument was created mass grave Czechs who died fighting with the Red Guards. In 1919 by the decision of Uralobkoma an area called the Red, were buried in the shot and tortured Bolsheviks in different years (1924-31) were also buried here are three famous ufaleytsev. Now it is - the area of ​​metallurgy with a somewhat different territory. From predzavodckoy area in different directions were street: Large (Liberation Urals, Lenin), City (Khudyakov, Lenin) Gamayunskaya (dog, Grounds, Karl Marx), bath (Nyazepetrovsky) Treasury coil (Bahtinova), tabun (Ermakova) Tatar (Surkov), runs (Palkina). Changed the name, but the location of streets remained. The city is almost no ancient buildings - in the Great Fire of 1890 in the village were burned except the factory buildings, a year's supply of firewood and charcoal and 1008 homes. One of the survivors - the house on the street. Kaslinsky built merchant N. Yakushev for his family on the bank. Ufalej in 1879 During World War II it housed the headquarters of the 29th tank training regiment transferred from Stalingrad. Now occupies a renovated office Ufaley SA E & E "Chelyabenergo". The building is protected by the state. In 1895, passed through the upper Ufalej railway Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, was formed Ufalej railway station, built round house, with a few changes have been saved so far. C 1923 Ufaleya hovers over its symbol - a monument of soldier-workers, the creation of the famous sculptor K. Klodt. In the face of the "boss" of the city - Central City area, behind his back - Art Center with playground, outdoor cafes and a fountain. 19 monuments of history and culture, included in the Unified State Register of Cultural Heritage, talk about the past. In the city center there are two beautiful old, former merchant, building of the city history museum. On the central square stands a statue Work performed under sketches KA Klodt (installed Nov. 6, 1923), which became a symbol of the city. The first floor of the LTD "Ufaleyhlebzavod" famous for being here, in the house of a merchant NG Prokhorov, born in 1900, the famous Russian and Soviet writer P. North (Olbrich). In the 1903-1918 years. resident in the former politssylny, managing Verhneufaleyskoy cottage factory, later - Verhneufaleyskim plant VI Vitvitskiy. Pugachev ditch (Busted bridge) - Pugachev place of battles with the royal troops, retained many legends. Here, in the place of battle, found guns, lances, nucleus of the 18th century. The memory of the Civil War keeps Red Rock - the place of execution Czechs red Magyars in July 1918.  

 Culture      

Ufalej - the birthplace of many famous people in Russia. Hence was born famous writers of pre-revolutionary Urals AG Turkin, Russian and Soviet PA Northern (Olbrich), VI Orlov, a member of the Union of Artists of the USSR AS graph Prutskih. In Ufalej born famous scientists - Doctor of Technical Sciences VA Belevitin, VG Mironov, Y. Shashkin, VI Ponomarev, Professor IF Khudyakov, GV Basals, EA Sukhanov, Doctor of Technical Sciences astrophysicist BP Kondratyev, Economic Sciences, corresponding member. USSR MA Sergeev, Philosophy Professor JE Wolves. Back in '82, June 22, 1929, the first issue of the newspaper "Ufaley working." In 1930 he set up radio station, in 1992 - "Radio Ufaleya." In a city with 1993 works Ufaley broadcaster. In 1957 he founded a children's music school - now the Children's Art School. In 1967 - one of the best in the area Verhneufaleysky museum, working on system "Museum-children", developing and improving museum education, City Palace of Culture. Far beyond the Urals known folk ensemble of Russian song, honored staff of the Southern Urals, "robin" (headed by N. Menshikov), Ensemble of Russian song "Sinegorye", the student and winner of many international festivals, dance group "Style". Surely gaining viewer winner of Russian and international festivals municipal theater "Fiction" Among the features of the district - the Church of the Icon of Our Lady of Kazan in the Lower Ufalej, an architectural monument of federal importance, built in 1853 and restored in 1992  

The unique nature of      

City Upper Ufalej one of the northern cities of the mining area of ​​the Chelyabinsk region. Located in the southern part of the eastern slope of the Northern Urals, in a beautiful area, surrounded by woods, natural and artificial rock oboazovaniyami: Arakulsky Sheehan, a red stone, a large stone, Cheremshanskoye career Shigirskie hills, large and small lakes: Itkul, Chusovskoye, Black, Arakul. Itkul Lake (Sacred Lake) is located in the north of the Chelyabinsk region, 20 kilometers from the town of Upper Ufalej. This is a real mountain lake surrounded by mountains, the highest of them - Karabayka (544m) to the south-western shore of Lake Itkul, distinguished among neighboring low mountains. Here in Lake Itkul Karabayka runs a small river. The name goes back to the Tatar-Bashkir Karabay, literally "buy black (rich)." Lake Itkul one of the beautiful places in the Chelyabinsk region. On the lake is the original island "pebbles", consisting of a pile of stones and boulders. From a distance it seems to take away a herd of cows in the water from the heat. Even more attention is drawn to the picturesque "Satan-rock" (Turkic Satan - the "evil spirit", "devil") - a lone rock standing in the water at a considerable distance from the coast. Beaches around the Shaitan-stone have several small caves and generally very nicely. Satan-rock played an important role in people's lives. There was a custom that if the summer rainy and overcast skies, it is necessary to kill the Shaitan-stone white ram - and open sun. If the drought and the need to beg God for rain, there should be a black sheep to slaughter.   

Age village Itkul - 318 years. The word Itkul, in ancient times, sounded like "Ikkul" if to say more precisely, the "Yyykkul", which means the sacred lake. More than three centuries of living on the lake Bashkirs. In general, people have chosen this lake is 7000 years ago. Archaeologists have never left the shores of the lake without a "catch." And even made here discovery. It turns out there was such people - Itkultsy. Researchers NB Vinogradov and others by assigning them 400 years of history. 2700 years ago, they "have" and after four centuries gone. Itkultsy were metallurgists and blacksmiths. Their time belongs to the early Iron Age, it they were specialists in copper and bronze. At the site of ancient settlements archaeologists have found up to three dozen of metallurgical furnaces at once, at one place, as well as slag, ore, crucibles, molds. Finds remarkable bronze weapons, which forged itkultsy with arms steppe nomads, southern Urals, as well as an abundance of horses in herds itkultsev, which is unusual for people of the forest, archaeologists have suggested the market and barter exchange between northerners and southerners. From the south-east to come close Itkul several small lakes. For example, Tashkul, which is known if the deepest lake - 34 feet, and the water is so clear that the depths are white stones on the bottom. Lake Arakul (intermediate lake or lake between mountains) is located in the north of the Chelyabinsk region, near the town of Upper Ufalej. 3 sq km area of ​​the lake with an average depth - 5.3 m, maximum 12 m of lake water volume 21.9 million cubic meters., Mineralization - 240 mg / l, the chemical composition refers to the calcium bicarbonate type. In the lake are found ruff, tench, crucian carp, yellow, bream, burbot, whitefish Peipsi. The major fish are roach, perch and pike. This is truly an amazing place in the South Urals. Arakul remarkable that surrounded himself with many natural beauties gathered in one place. Here you can see a beautiful lake, with a variety of fish and crayfish, and the mountains surrounding the lake and the main attraction of these places - Arakulsky Sheehan, often called simply Sheehan. Bizarre indentations in the rocks that resemble a trough, ancient sites of human dating from the Early Bronze Age and the early Iron Age, the amazing terrain, formed long-term operation of wind and water - all of this is Sheehan. Sheehan is a small but amazing crest, located on Mount Arakul. Sheehan complicated huge granite slabs and boulders, hewn centuries verse that gives his mind old and majestic appearance. It extends over two kilometers, and the eastern, less gentle slope, and has steep cliffs up to 60 meters, and is successfully used climbers for training and competition Arakul forests are inhabited by different animals, even though they are not as common. Here there are squirrels, hedgehogs, rabbits, moose, lynx and occasionally come across bears, but they are close to the lake is not suitable. In 1969, the lake was recognized Arakul natural monument. Arakul and Sheehan are very popular among vacationers. You can always meet tourists from different regions, and often from other countries. The popularity of these sites due to their unique beauty and easy accessibility. Not far from the village, "Cheremshanka" located "Cheremshanskaya 'career - the most beautiful parts of the Ural nature. Different sources give different names for these pits, so if you have accurate information - please give her administration portal. "Cheremshansky" / "Starocheremshansky 'careers (career with the letter H)

HUGE hole. Grandiose pit. Stunning pit. So large that not all visible at once. Just climbing over the obstruction of white marble blocks, which should protect the bat from the visitors on wheels, and went down the road for trucks, you can see the real depth of the pit. About 70 years digging this hole. First, at the beginning of the last century, by hand, with shovels, and then more and more mechanized. As a result, huge shovels in the bucket which is a small house, to bite into the ground, and orange BelAZ, compared to other cars that look like toys, time after time climbing down empty and loaded. What is left after processing, tailings nemerenno lies near Upper Ufaleya forming significant elevation. On the side of the road four-meter climb stairs slopes. The quarry was developed in 1905 and has a depth of 250 meters. At the deepest part of it - two lakes. Ironically, one - bright blue, the other - a bright green. "Big Cheremshansky" / "New Cheremshansky 'careers (some say -" Makarov "pit) deposit contact-karst type. Between marbles and schists Silurian conformable ultramafic massif in the form of a discontinuous layer of serpentinite budinirovannogo Middle Devonian. There are numerous areas of crushing, mylonitization, which develops weathering crust, penetrating to a depth of several hundred meters. Along the tectonic contact of marble and serpentinite stretch karst depression Cretaceous depth of 50-90 m They are filled with products redeposited weathering crusts, which contain thin veins and gouges nickel silicates - garnierita and revdinskita. Higher in the section nickel occurs in adsorbed state on nontronite and iron hydroxides. Quarry walls resemble an artist's palette: the willow against the walls here and there nalyapany bright spots - maroon, black, red. And in some places the "artist" in fancy mixed paint stains. Bottom sediments inexplicably developed so that the overall impression created that the bottom is covered with corals and sea anemones. Big Stone - This is a two-kilometer rock ridge to the outputs of rarely occurring mineral lestivarita, located not far from the Upper Ufaleya in the north-east. In the bowels of the mountain cave. Comes from the Upper Ufaleya path. Going through it, first there are small stones, then they become more and finally converted to end. On one side of the cliff abruptly break into the woods on this side to them not to come. Nearby Ufaleya are two red stones, one of which is located in the city and has been called not only for its beauty but also for the fact that during the Civil War was watered with blood red Magyars, shot this stone Czechs in 1918., The second named as for the beauty and reddish rocks. Nizhneufaleyskoe reservoir is Ufaley district of Chelyabinsk region. Pond area of ​​400 hectares. Member of the water: The public organization "Union of hunters and fishermen" Chelyabinsk region., Oblohotrybolovsoyuz. Reservoir provided for use before 07/12/09  

The unique nature of      

Verhneufaleyskogo urban district - this lake with clear water, rivers, forest-covered mountains. The shores of Lake Itkul especially beautiful in the eastern part of the water: there are interesting geological sections and the famous beaches of garnet. In the southern part of the lake rises abruptly from the water picturesque rock - Shaitan-stone. Itkul are found in bream, perch, roach, ripus, whitefish, and tench, pike, ide. In the north of the district ducts connecting the Small and Large Chusovskiye lake, river begins Chusovaya - quiet and good-natured in the upstream and stormy on average, among the high rocky coast. Attract tourists Ufaley mountains - Big and red stones. Famous geographer PI Moles described the red stone - a narrow, elongated by 100 m north-south rocky crest, cracked into separate "pillars": "... high rocky pillars, very picturesque peeping among the growing on the slopes of spruce, birch, larch, mountain ash and linden trees. .. "