Автор: Пользователь скрыл имя, 05 Февраля 2013 в 17:08, контрольная работа
The work which people undertake provides them with money. People buy essential commodities with money. All values in the economic system are measured in terms of money. Our goods and services are sold for money, and that money is in its turn exchanged for other goods and services. Coins are adequate for small transactions, while paper notes are used for general business. Originally, a valuable Metal (gold, silver or copper) served as a constant store of value, and even today the American dollar is technically 'backed' by, the store of gold which the US government maintains. Because gold has been universally regarded as a very valuable metal, national currencies were for many, years judged in terms of the so called "gold standard" `. Nowadays national currencies are considered to be as strong as the national economies which support them.
Упражнение 1
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MONEY
The work which people undertake provides them with money. People buy essential commodities with money. All values in the economic system are measured in terms of money. Our goods and services are sold for money, and that money is in its turn exchanged for other goods and services. Coins are adequate for small transactions, while paper notes are used for general business. Originally, a valuable Metal (gold, silver or copper) served as a constant store of value, and even today the American dollar is technically 'backed' by, the store of gold which the US government maintains. Because gold has been universally regarded as a very valuable metal, national currencies were for many, years judged in terms of the so called "gold standard" `. Nowadays national currencies are considered to be as strong as the national economies which support them.
Valuable metal has generally been replaced by paper notes. These notes are issued by government and authorized banks, and are known as 'legal tender'. Other arrangements such as cheques arid money orders are not legal tender. They perform the function of substitute money and are known as `instruments of credit'. Credit is offered only when creditors believe that they have a good chance of obtaining legal tender when they present such instruments at a bank or other authorized institutions. If a man's assets are known to be considerable, then his credit will be good. If his assets are in doubt, then it may be difficult for him to obtain large sums of credit or even to pay for goods with a cheque.
The value of money is basically its value as a medium of exchange or as economists put it, its 'purchasing power'. This purchasing power is dependent on supply and demand. The demand of money is reckonable as the quantity needed to effect business transactions. The demand for money is related to the rapidity with which the business is done. The. supply of money is the actual amount in notes and coins available for business purposes. If too much money is available, its value decreases. This condition is known as 'inflation'.
FUNCTIONS OF MONEY
People accept money in exchange for goods and services.555 But the role of money depends on the state of development of an economy. Money has become an essential element of economies based on the division of labour, in which individuals have specialized in certain activities and enterprises have focused on manufacturing specific goods and rendering specific services. In order to make transactions as simple and efficient as possible, the introduction of a generally accepted medium of exchange suggested itself.
Money perform the function of a medium of exchange or means of payment with goods being exchanged for money and money for goods. At the same time it also acts as a unit of account.
Money is a store of value, as part of an individual's income may be set aside for future consumption.
These three functions of money - medium of exchange, unit of account and store of value - can only be fulfilled if there is great confidence in its stability of value. Safeguarding monetary stability is the primacy task of the central banks all over the world. Moreover, the central bank has the function of regulating the money supply in order to guarantee a smooth functioning of the monetary system.
ДЕНЬГИ
Работа, которую предпринимают люди, предоставляет им деньги. Люди покупают существенные предметы потребления с деньгами. Все ценности в экономической системе измерены в денежном выражении. Наши товары и услуги проданы за деньги, и те деньги в свою очередь обменены на другие товары и услуги адекватны для маленьких сделок, в то время как бумажные примечания используются для общего бизнеса. Первоначально, ценный Металл (золото, серебро или медь) служил постоянным средством сбережения, и даже сегодня американский доллар технически 'поддержан', магазин золота, которое поддерживает американское правительство. Поскольку золото было универсально расценено как очень ценный металл, валюты разных стран были для многих, годы, оцененные в терминах так называемого "золотого стандарта" `. В настоящее время валюты разных стран, как полагают, столь же сильны как народные хозяйства, которые поддерживают их.
Ценный металл был вообще заменен бумажными примечаниями. Эти примечания выпущены правительством и уполномоченными банками, и известны как 'юридический тендер'. Другие меры, такие как чеки засушливые денежные переводы не являются юридическим тендером. Они выполняют функцию денег замены и известны как `инструменты кредита'. Кредит предлагается только, когда кредиторы полагают, что у них есть хороший шанс получения юридического тендера, когда они представляют такие инструменты в банке или других уполномоченных учреждениях. Если активы человека, как будет известно, будут значительны, то его кредит будет хорош. Если его активы вызывают сомнение, то для него может быть трудно получить большие суммы кредита или даже заплатить за товары с чеком.
Ценность денег - в основном своя ценность как среда обмена или поскольку экономисты выразились, ее 'покупательная способность'. Эта покупательная способность зависит от спроса и предложения. Требование денег - подсчитывается, поскольку количество должно было произвести деловые сделки. Требование на деньги связано со скоростью, с которой сделан бизнес. Поставка денег - фактическое количество в примечаниях и монетах, доступных в деловых целях. Если слишком много денег доступно, его уменьшения ценности. Это условие известно как 'инфляция'.
ФУНКЦИИ ДЕНЕГ
Люди принимают деньги в обмен на товары и услуги. Но роль денег зависит от государства развития экономики. Деньги стали существенным элементом экономических систем, основанных на разделении труда, в котором люди специализировались в определенных действиях, и предприятия сосредоточились на том, чтобы производить определенные товары и предоставление определенных услуг. Чтобы сделать сделки столь же простыми и эффективными насколько возможно, введение общепринятой среды обмена предложило себя.
Деньги выполняют функцию среды обмена или средств оплаты с товарами, обмениваемыми на деньги и деньги для товаров. В то же самое время это также действует как единица счета.
Деньги - средство сбережения, поскольку часть дохода человека может быть обойдена для будущего потребления.
Эти три функции денег - среда обмена, единица счета и средства сбережения - могут только быть выполнены, если есть большая уверенность в ее стабильность ценности. Охрана денежно-кредитной стабильности является задачей первенства центральных банков во всем мире. Кроме того, у центрального банка есть функция регулирования денежной массы, чтобы гарантировать гладкое функционирование денежно-кредитной системы
Упражнение 2
Найдите английским словам русские эквиваленты
|
1-деньги 2-товар (сырьевой) 3-товары 4-услуга 5-монеты 6-сделка 7-золото 8-серебро 9-медь 10-валюта 11-золотой стандарт 12-ценный метал 13 банкноты 14-законное платежное средство 15-чек 16 платежное поручение 17- кредит 18-активы 19-покупательская способность 20 -предложение 21-спрос 22-инфляция |
Упражнении 3
Напишите следующие предложения в отрицательной форме.
Например: 1 предложение выполнено для Вас.
1. The purchasing power of money, depends ( doesn’t depend) upon supply and demand.
2. Bank serves as a reservoir of loanable money.
3. Banks have developed greatly from their original position as places of security for valuables
4. Today banks are service industries which handle large sums of money On current and deposit account.
5. The whole banking system is based on simple acts of trust between all concerned. Without this trust modern banking would be impossible.
1. The purchasing power of money, depends ( doesn’t depend) upon supply and demand.
2. Bank (does not serve) serves as a reservoir of loanable money.
3. Banks (have not developed) have developed greatly from their original position as places of security for valuables
4. Today banks are service (are not service) industries which handle large sums of money On current and deposit account.
5. The whole banking system is based (is not based) on simple acts of trust between all concerned. Without this trust modern banking would be impossible.
Упражнение 5
Напишите сравнительную и превосходную степени следующих прилагательных и наречий из текста.
Сравнительная |
Превосходная | |
1 essential 2 adequate 3 valuable 4 technically 5 good 6 considerable 7 difficult 8 large 9 basically 10 actual 11 specific |
More essential (than) More adequate (than) More valuable (than) More technically(than) Better (than) More considerable (than) more difficult (than) larger (than) more basically (than) more actual (than) more specific (than) |
The most essential The most adequate The most valuable The most technically (the) best The most considerable The most difficult the largest the most basically the most actual the most specific |
Упражнение 6
Составьте предложения, включив предложенные выражения из текста.
1 To provide somebody with money - обеспечить кого-то деньгами
2 To sell for money - продавать за деньги
3 Constant store of value - постоянный запас ценностей
4 To be regarded - считаться
5 Forgery - подделка, фальшивые деньги
6 Division of labour – разделение труда
7 Efficient - действительный
8 Medium=means - средство
9 Consumption - потребление
10 Consumer - потребитель
11 To safeguard= to ensure – обеспечить
12 Smooth – ровный, плавный
1. The work which people undertake provides them with money.
2. Our goods and services are sold for money, and that money is in its turn exchanged for other goods and services.
3. Originally, a valuable Metal (gold, silver or copper) served as a constant store of value, and even today the American dollar is technically 'backed' by, the store of gold which the US government maintains.
4. Because gold has been universally regarded as a very valuable metal, national
currencies were for many, years judged in terms of the so called "gold standard"
5. Forgery were found by the policemen in this flat.
6. Money has become an essential element of economies based on the division of labour, in which individuals have specialized in certain activities and enterprises have focused on manufacturing specific goods and rendering specific services.
7. In order to make transactions as simple and efficient as possible, the introduction of a generally accepted medium of exchange suggested itself.
8. These three functions of money - medium of exchange, unit of account and store of value - can only be fulfilled if there is great confidence in its stability of value.
9. Money is a store of value, as part of an individual's income may be set aside for future consumption.
10. The consumer of electricity didn’t pay for the last month.
11.Safeguarding monetary stability is the primacy task of the central banks all over the world.
12. Moreover, the central bank has the function of regulating the money supply in order to guarantee a smooth functioning of the monetary system.
Упражнение 7
Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту:
1 What provides people with money?
2 Are coins adequate for small transactions?
3 What condition is known as “inflation”?
4. What is the most important function of money?
5. What does the role of money depend on?
6. What are the three functions of money?
7. What is the primary task of central banks all over the world?
1 The work which people undertake provides them with money.
2 Coins are adequate for small transactions, while paper notes are used for general business.
3 If too much money is available, its value decreases. This condition is known as 'inflation'.
4 Money perform the function of a medium of exchange or means of payment with goods being exchanged for money and money for goods. At the same time it also acts as a unit of account
5 The role of money depends on the state of development of an economy.
6 Three functions of money - medium of exchange, unit of account and store of value.
7 Safeguarding monetary stability is the primacy task of the central banks all over the world.
Переведите последний абзац текста и напишите функции, которые выполняют деньги.
Three functions which carry out money - medium of exchange, unit of account and store of value - can only be fulfilled if there is great confidence in its stability of value. Safeguarding monetary stability is the primacy task of the central banks all over the world. Moreover, the central bank has the function of regulating the money supply in order to guarantee a smooth functioning of the monetary system
Three functions which carry out money - medium of exchange, unit of account and store of value.
Три функции, которые выполняют деньги - среда обмена, единица счета и средства сбережения - могут только быть выполнены, если есть большая уверенность в ее стабильность ценности. Охрана денежно-кредитной стабильности является задачей первенства центральных банков во всем мире. Кроме того, у центрального банка есть функция регулирования денежной массы, чтобы гарантировать гладкое функционирование денежно-кредитной системы
Три функции денег - среда обмена, единица счета и средства сбережения
Упражнение 9
Напишите правильные (Т) неправильные (F) следующие предложения из
текста
Например: The work which people undertake provides them with money. (Т )
7. Valuable metal hasn’t been replaced by paper notes. (F)
Часть II Контрольный тест № 1
1. The first metal money … in Greece.
a) appear b) appeared c) appearing d) appears
2. One of the main services of banks … lending money.
a) am b) are c) is d) were
3. Banks give customers check books and credit cards to use instead … cash.
a) out b) in c) of d) with
4. Can you imagine life … money.
a) of b) with c) out d) without
5. What particular skills do you think different kinds of … need?
a) accountant b) accountancy c) accountants d) accounting
6. If you have to choose the career, do you think it could be … ?
a) an accountant b) accountancy c) accountants d) accounting
7. … means keeping financial records, recoding income and expenditure, valuing assets and liabilities, and so on.
a) accountant b) accountancy c) accountants d) accounting
8. Almost every country in the world … its national currency.
a) had b) have c) has d) having
9. We pay … interest on deposit accounts.
a) high b) higher c) highest d) the high
10. The Capital Saving bank was founded in 1878 and now it is … saving bank in the country.
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