Контролльная работа по "Иностранному языку"

№1

The House has 435 members. They are elected every two years for two-years terms. They represent the population of “congressional districts” into which each state is divided. The number of Representatives from each state is based upon its population. For instance, California, the state with the largest population, has 45 Representatives, while Delaware has one. There is no limit to the number of terms a Senator or a Representatives may serve.

№2

The Problem of Punishment

    Compared with other aspects of the Criminal Law, the question of punishment is the most difficult. For the lawyer it is a question which presents special problems for a variety of reasons. The punishment of a criminal is a combined operation of Parliament, the courts, and the administration. The range of penalties which may be imposed is in most cases set by the legislature, which fixes the maximum sentences for different offences. For the majority of offences only the maximum penalty is prescribed by law, so that the court is left free to select in each case the appropriate sentence.

     It the accused has never before been convicted of crime, the sentence is not likely to be severe, unless the crime is one of violence. First offenders are usually treated with sympathy. If, on the other hand, the accused man has a long record of convictions, the judge will pass a more severe sentence.

    After the court has selected what sentence seems suitable, the carrying cut of this sentence falls to the lot of those who administer the penal system.

       One result of this is that once sentence has been passed, the courts are no longer concerned with the offender’s fate: their task is concluded.

№3

Criminal Courts

  Criminal Law is that part of the law of the land which is concerned with crimes. The English criminal law has never been reduced to single code, but many particular topics have been codified by separate statutes . No rule of Criminal Law is of more importance than that which requires the prosecution to prove the accused’s quilt or establish his innocence.

  In England a person accused of crime must always be supposed innocent until he has been proved guilty. New papers mustn’t describe the accused as “the thief” or “ the murderer”, “the accused” or “the prisoner”.

In England there are two main classes of criminal courts, those in which the trial of the more serious offences takes place before a judge and jury, and those in which less serious offences are tried before magistrates without jury. The courts in the first class are either assizes or quarter session. The second class consists of magistrates’ courts.

  In London and surrounding area the Central Court takes place of the assizes. Trials are there presided over either by a High Court judge of by one of the special judge of that court. 

№4

 By Simon Saradzhyan

staff writer

Police in Volgograd were still looking Friday for six stolen containers of highly radioactive material that can cause serious harm or even death to anyone coming into close contact with it.

   The six containers, containing the radioactive isotope Cesium-137, were stolen from a LUKoil oil refinery in Volgograd on May 7, prompting authorities in the Volgograd region to mobilize hundreds of police and civil defense troppers  to help in the search.

  Police believe the thieves may intend to smuggle the cesium-which is not suitable for use in nuclear weapons- out of Russia for sale.

But the biggest fear is that the thieves have no idea of the danger presented by the cesium and might open up the lead containers.

№5

Ex-President Arrested

CARACAS, Venezuela(Reuters)-Venezuela’s former president Carlos Andres Perez was placed under house arrest Tuesday on charges that he and his female companion embezzled state funds.

If convicted, it would be the second time that Perez has been found guilty of corruption stemming from his controversial second presidency from 1989 to 1993.

Perez and Cecilia are accused of moving public funds into joint bank accounts in the United tates.