Автор: Пользователь скрыл имя, 25 Апреля 2012 в 19:53, научная работа
Covering a wide range of distinct political, economic, and cultural trends, the term “globalization” has quickly become one of the most fashionable buzzwords of contemporary political and academic debate. Globalization is not new, though. For thousands of years, people and, later, corporations have been buying from and selling to each other in lands at great distances, such as through the famed Silk Road across Central Asia that connected China and Europe during the Middle Ages. Likewise, for centuries, people and corporations have invested in enterprises in other countries. In fact, many of the features of the current wave of globalization are similar to those prevailing before the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. So how can we explain what globalization is? There are lots of its definitions. For some people globalization is associated with erasing of broads between countries, simplifying and speedup of making bargains. For others it’s creating, development and spreading of unified culture and values.
Globalization in the Modern World
Covering a wide range of distinct political, economic, and cultural trends, the term “globalization” has quickly become one of the most fashionable buzzwords of contemporary political and academic debate. Globalization is not new, though. For thousands of years, people and, later, corporations have been buying from and selling to each other in lands at great distances, such as through the famed Silk Road across Central Asia that connected China and Europe during the Middle Ages. Likewise, for centuries, people and corporations have invested in enterprises in other countries. In fact, many of the features of the current wave of globalization are similar to those prevailing before the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. So how can we explain what globalization is? There are lots of its definitions. For some people globalization is associated with erasing of broads between countries, simplifying and speedup of making bargains. For others it’s creating, development and spreading of unified culture and values. Generalizing different opinions we can note that globalization is a condition when the entire world functions as a single system and each country makes own and special contribution into its work. Of course it’s impossible to define uniquely whether globalization is good or bad. It has lots of supporters and opponents. Globalization has various aspects which affect the world in several different ways.
So, let’s have a look at the influence of this process on different aspects of modern life and try to allocate positive and negative sides.
Industrial - emergence of worldwide production markets and broader access to a range of foreign products for consumers and companies. Particularly movement of material and goods between and within national boundaries.
Financial - emergence of worldwide financial markets and better access to external financing for borrowers.
Economic - realization of a global common market, based on the freedom of exchange of goods and capital. The interconnectedness of these markets, however, meant that an economic collapse in one area could impact other areas. With globalization, companies can produce goods and services in the lowest cost location. This may cause jobs to be moved to locations that have the lowest wages, least worker protection and lowest health benefits. For Industrial activities this may cause production to move to areas with the least pollution regulations or worker safety regulations.
Political - some use "globalization" to mean the creation of a world government which regulates the relationships among governments and guarantees the rights arising from social and economic globalization.
Informational - increase in information flows between geographically remote locations. Arguably this is a technological change with the advent of fibre optic communications, satellites, and increased availability of telephone and Internet.
Cultural peculiarities change with globalization too. They unify in some ways. Besides the mutual penetration of cultures and their exchange take place. For example being in Russia you can find Chinese, Japanese, Georgian, French and many other restaurants. With such means the inhabitants of one country get an opportunity to get acquainted with national peculiarities of other states. At the same time young generation is under big influence of American culture which appears in modern cinema, music etc.
Moreover globalization has provoked an unprecedented increase in migrant populations either within host countries or within large countries. Today, international migrations are an integral part of global development. Migrations can be an extremely positive factor in mutual understanding and the mixing of cultures. Education plays an important role in the integration of the children of immigrants world-wide. While some of the children of immigrant families do better at school than the children of indigenous families, others seem to be marked out early on for social rejection and the experience of problems. Reducing the fracture with native cultures and languages.
All in all we can see that in the case of globalization the theory and practice of the phenomenon are different. In fact it's not an exchange of achievements, but the absorption many different cultures by one strong culture.