British architecture

IV. Give the Russian equivalents: 

to revive, folk traditions, jingling bells on the ankles, to originate as a shepherd dance, a leap of two centuries, to shape the development of polyphonic music, in addition to…, keyboard music, the solo song with lute accompaniment. 

V. Give the English equivalents: 

самая первая сохранившаяся опера, внес новый стимул, музыкальное образование, камерная музыка для струнных инструментов, достигли высоты в создании месс, шесть одновременных вокальных партий. 

VI. Complete the sentences: 

1. Like every country, Britain has…
2. The British today are…
3. On Nay Day in village streets you can see…
4. The earliest surviving English song is…
5. John Dunstable and Leonel Power wrote…
6. The period of the second half of the 16^th century was…
7. In addition to church music Byrd wrote…
8. The Restoration brought…

VII. Give the beginning to the sentences:

1. …their folk traditions.
2. …the so-called Morris dance.
3. …“Summer Is Coming In.”
4. …reached its height in the Masses.
5. …was the Golden Age of English music and literature.
6. …was the masque.
7. …produced in 1675.

VII. Match the beginning and the end of the sentences. 

Первый столбик

Like many other western peoples,

They are performing

The earliest surviving English song is said

A leap of the almost two centuries must be made

The period of the second half of the 16^th century, the so-called Elizabethan period,

In Byrd's time

In the 16^th century madrigals 

Второй столбик семь фраз 

to be “Summer Is Coming In,” written at Reading Abbey about 1240 A. D.

the British today are reviving their folk traditions.

the so-called Morris dance, which is said to have originated as a shepherd dance.

to the next landmark, the work of John Dunstable and Leonel Power.

instrumental music became more widely cultivated.

was the Golden Age of English music and literature.

of Thomas Morley, Thomas Weelkes, John Wilbye appeared. 

VIII. Agree or disagree:

1. Britain has no rich folk-music traditions.
2. The British don't try to revive their folk traditions.
3. On Christmas you can see groups of men in funny hats with jingling bells on their ankles.
4. They are performing the so-called Morris dance.
5. Every century brought famous songs, music and compositions.
6. The more important form in English art in the 17^th century was the masque.

IX. Ask questions:

1. if the British folk traditions are rich;
2. what interesting thing people could and can see on May Day in village streets;
3. which the earliest surviving English song is;
4. what kind of composition it is;
5. when the next works of art appeared;
6. what kind of music J. Dunstable and L. Power wrote.

X. Answer the questions.

1. What do you know about folk music and dance tradition in Britain?
2. What do the English people try to do nowadays?
3. Where and when can you see a very old folk tradition?
4. Which is the earliest surviving English song?
5. What kind of song is it?
6. Who wrote a great deal of church music two centuries later?
7. What do you know about the music during the Elizabethan period?
8. What do you know about the time of the Restoration?

XI. Speak about:

1. British folk-music and folk dance;
2. the so-called morris dance;
3. the earliest English song;
4. the polyphonic music;
5. William Byrd;
6. the Restoration;
7. English art in the 17^th century.

XII. Translate from Russian:

1. Самая ранняя сохранившаяся опера - “Психея” Лока, созданная в 1675г.
2. “Комус” Мильтона, написанный на музыку Генри Лоуса, был самым известным примером театра масок.
3. Реставрация 17 века принесла новые стимулы.
4. Самым выдающимся мастером песен соло под аккомпанемент лютни был Джон Доуланд.
5. Берз был первым композитором в Британии, который начал писать мадригалы, песни и фантазии.

XIII. Read the text for more information. Use the dictionary. 

Henry Purcell

Henry Purcell was the first English composer to gain international fame. His contemporaries have left us abundant evidence of the esteem and admiration in which he was held as a composer. When he died he was hailed as “one of the most Celebrated Masters of the Science of Music in the Kingdom, and scarcely Inferior to any in Europe.” 

Purcell passed all his life in the service of the king and the church. 

Portraits sometimes give a clue to character, but Purcell's are rather puzzling. We note the humorous mouth, the large nose, a touch of melancholy in the eyes and a hint of the double chin. 

Henry Purcell appears to have been born in the summer or autumn of 1659. It was at Westminster that his boyhood and indeed his whole life was spent. Young Henry Purcell must have shown sighs of ability at early age. He sang at the choir of the Chapel Royal. After the choir he was a keeper, maker, mender and tuner of organs and all kinds of wind instruments, tuning the organ of Westminster Abbey. Then he played this organ. Being at the same time the composer to the king, he composed songs for some events of great importance. His genius couldn't miss such a great field as writing for the theatre. The first experience was the “Force of Love or Theodosius”, which was popular till the end of the 18t^h century. Besides church music and songs Henry Purcell wrote wonderful instrumental music. He started English opera. He wrote the first and in the view of many, still the finest English opera “Dido and Aeneas.” It was originally sung in 1689 by the pupils at a girl's school in London. This musical masterpiece was written to the libretto of Nahum Tate. Among his other masterpieces were church anthems,  secular odes and cantatas for state and ceremonial occasions, violin sonatas, harpsichord suites and a set of fantasies for viols. 

Even close to the death Purcell couldn't help writing music that couldn't help being beautiful. He died in 1695 famous and beloved, which he obviously deserved. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, he lived to be only 37. 

(Listen to Henry Purcell's music:

1. fragment of his opera “Dodo and Aeneas.”
2. anthems and sonatas.)

UNIT 6

Part II 

I. Read the new words:

To persist [p1`s5st] упорствовать, сохраняться

To decline [d5`kla5n] приходить в упадок

Transition [tr0n`s5#1n] переход, модуляция

Virtuoso [v1*tju`1uz1n] виртуоз

To succeed [s1k`si*d] сменять, следовать, достигать цели. 

II. Read the proper names:

George Frederick Handel [h0ndl]

Christian Back [ba*k]

Mozart [`moutsa*t]

Haydn [ha5dn]

Ralph Vaugham Williams [ra*lf v4*n]

Maurice Green [m4`ri*s]

Frederick Delius [`di*lj1s]  

III. Read the text:  

During the 18^th century English musical life was dominated by foreign musicians. In 1710 George Frederick Handel, a German-born composer, arrived in England on a visit and two years later became a permanent immigrant. He concentrated his attention on the Italian opera. 

Native English composers, however, had begun to decline in quality. Maurice Green and William Boyce are known to students of music history and to church musicians through a valuable collection of earlier cathedral music. Thomas Linely, Charles Dibbin, James Hook wrote successful works of the ballad opera type with original tunes. 

In the transition from the age of the ballad opera to the age of the piano, it was again two foreign-born musicians who were dominant in English musical life, Johann Christian Bach and the piano virtuoso Muzio Clementi. The visits to London of the child Mozart and the elderly Haydn were the great events in English musical life during the later 18^th century.  

Light opera remained the only musical form in which native British composers produced anything of character or merit. Of the more serious composers the most gifted was Sterndale Bennett. In the second half of the 19^th century another musician of talent appeared - Sir Arthur Sullivan, who again excelled in light opera and operetta. His first success, “Cox and Box” was produced 1n 1867. He also wrote oratorios and symphonic music. 

During the Victorian age massed choral singing had become the most widely cultivated form of music making. The most famous composers of that time are Edward Elgar, famous for his “Enigma variations,” Frederick Delius, who succeeded in creating a distinctive style of his own. 

The 20^th century brings forward a fine selection of composers. Among them Ralph Vaughan Williams should be mentioned first. He was the true founder of a national movement in English music. He developed a style that was both typical “English” and very original. Many of his short pieces are very popular, such as the early song “Linden Lea” and the stirring hymn-tune “For All the Saints.” He wrote nine symphonies, five operas, choral, chamber and orchestral music, film scores and songs.  

(Listen the “Variations” by P. Crandon White.) 

Benjamin Britten is a world famous composer, who wrote works that range widely from arrangements of simple folk-songs for voice and piano to such large dramatic executions as the opera “Noah's Flood” and the serious “War Requiem.” He was also an outstanding orchestral music, songs, music for radio and films. His “Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra” (variations on a theme by Henry Purcell) is well-known. His operas “Billy Budd,” “Peter Grimes,” “The Turn of the Screw,” “Death in Venice” are among world famous operas. 

(Listen to music by B. Britten:

1. “The Suite for the violin and the piano.”
2. A fragment of “War requiem.”
3. Dances and songs.)  

IV. Translate the following phrases from English into Russian: 

musical life was dominated by foreign musicians, a German-born composer, to decline in quality, the piano-virtuoso, remained the only musical form, produced anything of character or merit, excelled in light opera, the most widely-cultivated form, succeeded in creating. 

V. Give the English equivalents:

хоровая и оркестровая музыка, выдающийся пианист и дирижер, аранжировки простых народных песен, охватывает, короткие пьесы, волнующий слушателей, удалось создать свой собственный отличительный стиль, выделиться в создании легкой оперы и оперетты, самый одаренный, уменьшиться в количестве и качестве. 

VI. Agree or disagree.

1. During the 18^th century English musical life was enriched by a great number of native composers.
2. George Frederick Handel concentrated his attention on the British folk music.
3. Native English composers had begun to decline in quality in the 18^th century.
4. Foreign-born musicians were dominant in English musical life in the 18^th century.
5. Light opera remained the only musical form in which native British composers produced anything of character or merit.
6. British composers excelled in light opera and operetta.
7. During the Victorian age massed choral singing had become the most widely cultivated form of music making.
8. There were no more composers in Great Britain in the 20^th century.

VII. Complete the sentences:

1. During the 18^th century English Musical life was…
2. In 1710…
3. Handel concentrated his attention…
4. In the transition from the age of the ballad opera to the age of the piano, it was again…
5. The visit to London of…
6. Light opera remained the only…
7. The first success of Sir Arthur Sullivan was…
8. During the Victorian age…

VIII. Give the beginning to the sentences:

1. …were the great events in English Musical Life during the later 18^th century.
2. …a fine selection of composers.
3. …should be mentioned first.
4. …both typical “English” and very original.
5. …range widely from arrangements of simple folk-songs for voice and piano to operas.
6. …was produced in 1867.
7. …to decline in quality.
8. …on the Italian opera.

IX. Answer the following questions: 

1. What happened to English musical life in the 18^th century?
2. Handel became a permanent immigrant, didn't he?
3. What happened to native English composers at that time?
4. Who is known and why?
5. Who else was dominant in English musical life at that time?
6. What musical form became the most widely cultivated?
7. What do you know about composers of the 20^th century?
8. Who was the founder of a national movement in English music?