Association of Southeast Asian Nations
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Описание работы
• Brief about ASEAN, its drivers and principles
• History of ASEAN through timeline
• Regional integration processes
• Achievements, challenges and future prospects
• Q&A
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ASEAN:
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
Presented by: Allakulov Umrbek
Regional Integration
Mansuraliev Timur
HTW Berlin
January, 2013
Section: Outline
Page:
2 out of 7
Outline
• Brief about ASEAN, its drivers and principles
• History of ASEAN through timeline
• Regional integration processes
• Achievements, challenges and future prospects
• Q&A
Section: Brief - introduction of ASEAN
Page:
3 out of 37
ASEAN Member Countries
ASEAN in Global Perspective
Established:
by Bangkok Declaration in 8 August 1967
Country members:
10 countries
Population:
601 mln.
*(est.2010)
World rank – 3
rd
Area:
4`480 ths.km
2
World rank – 7
th
GDP (PPP):
$3,1 trillion
*(est.2010)
World rank – 6
th
Foreign Trade:
$1,9 trillion
*(est.2008)
World rank – 4
th
Section: Brief – role in a global perspective
Page:
4 out of 37
Source: World Bank Fact Book 2010
Section: Brief – role in the region
Page:
5 out of 37
ASEAN Role in Regional Architecture
Section: Brief – drivers and principles
Page:
6 out of 37
ASEAN Drivers and Principles
• Drivers:
Regional Peace
Stability
Prosperity
• Principles:
Mutual respect for independence
Non-interference policy
Settlement of disputes in peaceful manner
Rejection of threat or use of force
Effective cooperation among country members
Section: Outline
Page:
7 out of 37
• Brief about ASEAN, its drivers and principles
• History of ASEAN through timeline
• Regional integration processes
• Achievements, challenges and future prospects
• Q&A
ASEAN History
•Consensus-based, geo-political and economic
organization
•10 Southeast Asia countries, established in 1967 by
Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and Philippines
•5 more countries joined ASEAN during 1977-1999
(Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Burma and Brunei).
•Founded for security purposes in the midst of ongoing
regional conflicts, agreements on joint industrial projects
and preferential trading arrangements gave rise to
economic integration
Section: History
Page:
8 out of 37
Section: History - timeline
Page:
9 out of 37
ASEAN Timeline (4 Stages)
• 1967-1976, the first 10 years
Establishment (5 states), solidarity, stability, dialogue partners
• 1977-1999, the next 20 years
Expansion (Brunei, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Cambodia)
• 1998-2007, the next 10 years
Enhancement of regional integration through common vision
• 2008-2015, the next 7 years
ASEAN Community building
Section: History - timeline
Page:
10 out of 37
ASEAN Timeline (Key Events)
• 1967 – Bangkok Declaration established ASEAN (5 states)
• 1971 – Declaration on Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality
• 1992 – ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA)
• 1992 – ASEAN Declaration on the South China Sea
• 1994 – ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF)
• 1984/99 – ASEAN + Brunei, Vietnam, Laos, Burma, Cambodia
• 1995 – Treaty on the Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone
• 2003 – the launch of ASEAN Community by 2020
• 2011 – ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement
Section: Outline
Page:
11 out of 37
• Brief about ASEAN, its drivers and principles
• History of ASEAN through timeline
• Regional integration processes
• Achievements, challenges and future prospects
• Q&A
Section: Integration - economic cooperation
Page:
12 out of 37
Economic Cooperation Acts
• 1976 – joint industrial projects & preferential trade agreement
• 1992 – ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (CEPT, NTM, facilitation)
• 1995 – liberalization of trade in services (AFAS)
• 1996 – industry project cooperation programs (AICO)
• 1998 – liberalization of investment flows (AIA, later ACIA)
• 2003 – agreement to establish ASEAN community by 2020
• 2007 – ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint
• 2009 – enhanced investor protection (ACIA)
• 2010 – free flow of goods to establish a single market and pro-
duction base (ATIGA), as a step to ASEAN Economic Community
Polit. –Security
• Rules based, shared
norms and values
• Cohesive, peaceful,
stable, resilient with
shared responsibility
• Dynamic and Outward
looking
Economic
• Single Market and
production base
• Competitive economic
region
• Equitable Economic
development
• Integration into global
economy
Socio-Cultural
• Human Development
• Social Welfare and
Protection
• Social justice and
rights
• Environmental
Sustainability
• ASEAN Identity
One Vision, One Identity,
One Caring and Sharing Community
Section: History – present ultimate goal
Page:
13 out of 37
ASEAN Community
Source: Wahyuningrum, 2009.
Section: Integration – common market
Page:
14 out of 37
Economic Cooperation: ultimate goal
According to the Blueprint, AEC economic
integration will create:
i. a single market and production base
ii. a highly competitive economic region
iii. a region of equitable economic development
iv. a region fully integrated into the global
economy
Section: Integration – achievements
Page:
15 out of XX
Section: Integration – common market
Page:
16 out of 37
Economic Cooperation: AFTA
• Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT, 1992)
- Tariff reduction to a range 0–5%
- Time differentiation for introduction CEPT by countries
• Removal of quantities restrictions and non-tariff measures
- Facilitation of trade, harmonization & “one window” practices
• Liberalization of trade in services (AFAS, 1995)
• Other integration measures:
- Construction a common logistic infrastructure
- Creation a common information system and e-commerce
- Encouragement of intra investments and industrial cooperation
Economic Cooperation: AFTA
Section: Integration – common market
Page:
17 out of 37
Trend of ASEAN 6
Total Exports and Imports, 1995-2009
Source:
ASEAN Statistic Yearbook 2010
Section: Integration - trade
Page:
18 out of 37
Section: Integration - trade
Page:
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Economic Cooperation: interdependence
& US ITC, 2010.
ASEAN trade by partner
Section: Integration - trade
Page:
20 out of 37
Economic Cooperation: statistics
Source: ADB, 2012.
Section: Integration - trade
Page:
21 out of 37
Economic Cooperation: statistics
Source: ADB, 2012.
Economic Cooperation: investments
•
ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement (2009)
promotes intra and foreign investments in the region by
protecting interests of investors and creating a favorable
environment for them through:
i.
Benefits and favored regime to export oriented production
ii. Removing limits for foreign share in national companies
iii. Increasing transparency in investment procedures
iv. Enhancing investor-state dispute settlement mechanism
v. Granting to investors a right to appoint managers independently
vi. Removing most restriction for investments by industries
vii. Removing obligations on performance indicators
Section: Integration – investments
Page:
22 out of 37
Economic Cooperation: integration
• Development of regional transport infrastructure through joint
investment funds in format: ASEAN, ASEAN + 1, ASEAN + 3
- Highways
- Railway (from Singapore - China)
- River transport (Mekong)
• ASEAN aims to create a common energy area in the region
- Single network of gas pipelines
- Single electricity network
Section: Integration - investments
Page:
23 out of 37
Section: Integration – investments
Page:
24 out of 37
Source:
ASEAN Statistical
Yearbook, 2010.
Section: Integration – investments
Page:
25 out of 37
Economic Cooperation: investments
Source:
ASEAN Statistical
Yearbook, 2010.
FDI in ASEAN by host country 2002-2009
Section: Integration – investments
Page:
26 out of 37
Economic Cooperation: investments
Source:
ASEAN Statistical
Yearbook, 2010.
FDI in ASEAN by source country 2002-2009
Economic Cooperation: fin. & mon. system
During ASEAN meeting in Hanoi in 2004 it was agreed
measures on monetary policy coordination in the region:
i. Formation a common capital market
ii. Creation a regional exchange system for national currencies
iii. Liberalization and unification of accounting standards
iv. Liberalization of financial services & enhance monetary
cooperation
Section: Integration – financial / monetary
Page:
27 out of 37
Economic Cooperation: fin. & mon. system
•
Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralization (2000)
“
ASEAN + 3” under ADB aegis formed a foreign exchange
reserve pool, used in multilateral currency SWAP
arrangements to mitigate short-term liquidity shortages in
periods of financial crises.
•
The pool size were increased from $80bln. in 2008 to
$240bln. in 2012. ASEAN share in the pool is 20%.
Section: Integration – financial / monetary
Page:
28 out of 37
Economic Cooperation: fin. & mon. system
•
In 2006 ADB introduced a index of regional currencies, called
Asian Currency Unit (ACU). It comprises exchange rate of
13 currencies in the region (ASEAN + 3).
•
ACU can be considered as an analog of ECU for the Southeast
Asia.
•
Creation of monetary union is not seen in near future, but
currency integration continues intensively.
Section: Integration – financial / monetary
Page:
29 out of 37
Section: Outline
Page:
30 out of 37
• Brief about ASEAN, its drivers and principles
• History of ASEAN through timeline
• Regional integration processes
• Achievements, challenges and future prospects
• Q&A
Section: Problems and challenges
Page:
31 out of 37
Problems and Challenges: divergence
Country:
GDP per capita
(PPP), USD
Country:
GDP per capita
(PPP), USD
Singapore
60`500
Philippines
4`100
Brunei
50`000
Vietnam
3`400
Malaysia
15`800
Laos
2`700
Thailand
9`500
Cambodia
2`200
Indonesia
4`700
Burma
1`300
Source: http://www.indexmundi.com
I. Significant divergence in the level of economy, social and
political development among ASEAN members
II. ASEAN members see each other as competitors for:
- Export markets: US, EU, China and Japan
- Attraction of foreign investment
Problems and Challenges: external crises
III. Negative effect from Asian Financial Crisis in 1997 and
World Financial Crisis in 2008 delayed development.
-
Capital flight
-
Fall of export revenues
-
Currency depreciation
-
Dependence on IMF
-
Costly finance
-
Increase of isolationism
-
Low investments
-
Rise of protectionism
However, both crises gave good stimulus for financial system
integration and development of domestic markets.
Section: Problems and challenges
Page:
32 out of 37
Problems and Challenges: implementation
IV. Lack of progress in implementation ASEAN agreements,
due to clashes of interests and task complexities.
- Reduction tariffs under CEPT for some goods is still in pipeline
(Thailand vs. Philippines dispute on tariffs for rice)
- Liberalization of services has a slow progress, mostly due to
complexity and difference in national laws of the members
- Agreement on Investment is not fully implemented, as a number of
disputes concerning “sensitive” goods has not been resolved yet
- “One window” practice does not function in some regions
- Irregular barriers bring distortions in logistic services
Section: Problems and challenges
Page:
33 out of 37
Problems and Challenges: others
V. Unsettled territorial disputes in the region
(Malaysia & Singapore, Malaysia & Philippines, Malaysia & Indonesia)
VI. A threat of regional rising powers
(China, Japan, South Korea, India, others)
VII. Inability of National Governments or lack of their political
will to conduct institutional transformations and reforms
necessary for achievement ASEAN community
Section: Problems and challenges
Page:
34 out of 37
Major Achievements
• Regional security and stability
• Trade liberalization, surge in trade, and diversified portfolio of
trade partners
• Enabling investment climate
• Significant economic growth
(
graphs: GDP per capita growth for ASEAN 5 & BCLMV)
Section: Achievements
Page:
35 out of 37
Source: ASEAN Statistical Yearbook, 2010.
Section: Achievements
Page:
36 out of 37
Questions and discussion
Section: Questions
Page:
37 out of 37
Bibliography
1.Acharya, A. 2011. ASEAN in 2030. ASEAN Studies Center. Available at
http://www.american.edu/sis/aseanstudiescenter/upload/Acharya-ASEAN-in-2030-International-Relations-1.pdf
Accessed 9 January 2013
2.ASEAN Secretariat, 2012. ASEAN Community in Figures 2011. [online]. Available at
http://www.asean.org/resources/publications/asean-publications/item/asean-community-in-figures-acif-2011-3
Accessed 12 January 2013
3.ASEAN Secretariat, 2012 a. ASEAN Economic Community Scorecard. [online]. Available at
http://www.asean.org/resources/publications/asean-publications/item/asean-economic-community-scorecard-3
Accessed 10 January 2013
4.ASEAN Secretariat., 2009. ASEAN Secretariat Holds Forum on Global Financial Crisis [online]. Available at
http://www.asean.org/images/archive/PR-BBS-30Jan2009.pdf Accessed 5 January 2013
5.Basu Das, S. 2012. Asia’s Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. East Asia Forum. Available at
http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2012/08/27/asias-regional-comprehensive-economic-partnership/ Accessed 7 January
2013
6.The Economist. A rather flimsy firewall. [online]. http://www.economist.com/node/21552210 Accessed 5 January
2013
7.United States International Trade Commission, 2011. Asean: Regional Trends in Economic Integration, Export
Competitiveness, and Inbound Investment for Selected Industries. DIANE Publishing, 2011
8.Vasiliev L., 2010. ASEAN in the beginning of the XXI centure: actual issues and perspectives. [АСЕАН в начале
XXI века]. Russian Academy of Sciences.
9.Data from: World Bank Fact Book 2010; Asia Regional Integration Center, ADB; Index Mundi, IMF.
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