Автор: Пользователь скрыл имя, 16 Апреля 2013 в 20:09, курс лекций
Лекция 1. Четыре вопроса о государственном вмешательстве в экономику.
Лекция 1. Общественные блага: природа и примеры.
Лекция 1. Проблема безбилетника: природа, примеры решений.
Лекция 1. Государственное обеспечение частных благ. Проблема толпы при отъезде.
Лекция 2. Растет правительства: причины и исторические тенденции.
Лекция 8. Фискальные монополии: природа и примеры, извлечение монопольного дохода, удобство и отрицательные аспекты.
Lecture 8. The Soviet Union Foreign Trade Monopoly. China State Tobacco Monopoly. Mexican State Oil monopoly Pemex.
17. The Soviet Union Foreign Trade Monopoly. For the country's inDUSTRIAL deVELOPMENT, the goVERNMENT eliminated the deCENTRALIZED prIVATE trADING practices and esTABLISHED a monopoly.
18. …. Following central bodies managed foreign economic activities: GosPLAN, GosSNAB, GKNT, GosKOMTSEN. The Ministry of Finance coNTROLLED the impact of foreign trade on the stATE buDGET. GosBANK set the ex ra, inTERNATIONAL baNKING seRVICES.
19. China State Tobacco Monopoly. InTERNAL trADE, exPORT and imPORT of both tobacco and ci are maNAGED by the go. Tobacco prOFITS and taXES contribute 10% of to central government re in 1998, tobacco-dependent prOVINCES – 70%.
20. Mexican State Oil monopoly Pemex is a st-ow petroleum co, pays out 60% of its re in roYALTIES and taXES, for 40% of the fe bu. PuBLICLY liSTED shARES - one quarter of the company's total woRTH.
Lecture 8. The US Public schools monopoly: key statistics, productivity trend and limited competition. Public Medicare in Canada: key features, pros and contras.
21. The US Public schools monopoly. 87% children attend government schools based on where thEIR paRENTS liVE and paY taXES. Rising enROLLMENTS in the 1980s and 1990s was more than spENDING inCREASED, which was 61% in reAL teRMS from 1967 to 1991. EdUCATE all chILDREN.
22. … productivity as a whOLE inCREASED by 74%, in education feLL by 27%. The government encourages limited competition between puBLIC scHOOLS by voUCHERS.
23. Public Medicare in Canada. PrOVINCAL go pay for caRE, goVERN, adMINISTER and evALUATE the seRVICES. PrIVATE inSURANCE cover 30% of healthcare sp.
24. …Positive aspects and economic efficiencies of a siNGLE-paYER sy and coNTROL coSTS: ovERHEADS of the prOVINCAL inSURANCE plANS are 1.3% of exPENDITURES, prIVATE - 13.2%; enSURE po and si pe for all medically neCESARRY seRVICES.
25. … negative aspects are buEROCRATIC ceNTRALIZATION, raTIONING and coNTROL ouTCOMES; paTIENTS wait 4.5 moNTHS to coMPLICATED meDICAL trEATMENT, 4 million do not have a faFAMILY doCTOR.
Lecture 8. The US state alcoholic beverage monopoly: control and open methods, preferences and New Hampshire Case
27. In the US state alcoholic beverage monopoly per-ca neT inCOME equals $7. Under the control method the go has monopoly on the whOLESALE di (extends to be, wi), also imposes reSTRICTIONS on reTAIL saLE.
28. Alcoholic Beverage Open method involves whOLESALE and reTAIL saLE of alcohol by prIVATE fi, which are li and coNSTRAIED miNIMUM prICE or reSTRICTING buSINESS hoURS.
… Other features are a liIMITED nu of li and exCISE taXES at the whOLESALE level.
29. The control methods preference means a siINGLE opBUYER can chARGE hi pr and reDUCE liquor coNSUMPTION - per-ca stATE liquor reVENUES is grEATER in the monopoly-control states.
30. New Hampshire Sells Liquor brings 5% of st go re. New Hampshire sets prICES loWER, aggressively adVERTISING, loCATING liquor ouTLETS over the state boRDER. 55% of sa are made to out-off state reSIDENTS.